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    Crossed aperture lenses for the correction of chromatic and aperture aberrations (English)

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    In: Review of Scientific Instruments ; 67 , 3 ; 756-760  ; 1996

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    The chromatic and aperture aberrations of crossed five‐aperture lenses are analyzed by direct ray tracing. The apertures are rectangular and the voltages are applied in such a way that the first‐order properties of the crossed lens are similar to those of a quadrupole doublet. It is shown that in astigmatic modes the chromatic and aperture aberrations of one of the linear images can be simultaneously eliminated or made negative. It is also shown that stigmatic modes exist in which the magnification is different in two perpendicular planes and in which the image blurring caused by the chromatic and aperture aberrations in the direction of smaller magnification is ten times smaller than that given by a round lens of the same focal length and the blurring in the other direction is at least two times smaller. The stigmatic crossed lens also gives a larger working distance than the equivalent round lens. The crossed lens will therefore be preferable for many probe forming systems. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

    Table of contents – Volume 67, Issue 3

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    633
    Can piezoelectric accelerometers be used to actively damp the mechanical suspensions in laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors
    Veitch, P. J. / Hough, J. / Morrison, E. / Robertson, D. I. et al. | 1996
    641
    Time‐resolved electron spectrum diagnostics for a free‐electron laser
    Gillespie, W. A. / MacLeod, A. M. / Martin, P. F. / van der Meer, A. F. G. / van Amersfoort, P. W. et al. | 1996
    649
    On the importance of magnetic periodicity in permanent magnet undulators
    Gore, B. W. / Asgekar, V. B. et al. | 1996
    653
    Measurement and calculation of the spatial and spectral distribution of wavelength shifter radiation at BESSY
    Thornagel, R. / Fliegauf, R. / Klein, R. / Scholze, F. / Ulm, G. et al. | 1996
    658
    A new gas purifier for ArF excimer lasers
    Ito, S. / Saito, T. / Tada, A. et al. | 1996
    662
    An alternative fiber‐optic backreflectance method for measurement of distances using a continuous wave laser
    Ilev, I. / Kumagai, H. / Toyoda, K. / Uttamchandani, D. / Culshaw, B. et al. | 1996
    666
    Fourier transform spectroscopy applied to photoluminescence: Advantages and warnings
    Bignazzi, A. / Grilli, E. / Radice, M. / Guzzi, M. / Castiglioni, E. et al. | 1996
    672
    Photoacoustic cell for dynamic measurements with nanosecond time resolution
    Puchenkov, Oleg V. / Malkin, Shmuel et al. | 1996
    681
    High resolution x‐ray absorption spectroscopy with absolute energy calibration for the determination of absorption edge energies
    Kraft, S. / Stu¨mpel, J. / Becker, P. / Kuetgens, U. et al. | 1996
    688
    A point‐focusing small angle x‐ray scattering camera using a doubly curved monochromator of a W/Si multilayer
    Sasanuma, Yuji / Law, Robert V. / Kobayashi, Yuji et al. | 1996
    693
    Medium and high energy x‐ray instrument for sample characterization
    Petrillo, C. / Rocchi, C. / Sacchetti, F. et al. | 1996
    697
    Signal averaging x‐ray streak camera with picosecond jitter
    Maksimchuk, A. / Kim, M. / Workman, J. / Korn, G. / Squier, J. / Du, D. / Umstadter, D. / Mourou, G. / Bouvier, M. et al. | 1996
    700
    Hard x‐ray detector based on microchannel plates
    Shikhaliev, P. M. et al. | 1996
    704
    A novel probe design for pulsed nitrogen‐14 nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrometer
    Li, Geng‐Ying / Xia, Xiao‐Jian / Xie, Hai‐Bin / Liu, Yi et al. | 1996
    707
    Two novel solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance probes
    Michal, Carl A. / Jelinski, Lynn W. et al. | 1996
    710
    Improved control and data‐acquisition electronics for high‐resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy
    Xie, Jun / Wang, Youqi / Mitchell, William J. / Felino, Anthony / Schick, Matthias / Weinberg, W. Henry et al. | 1996
    715
    A scanning near‐field optical microscope for the imaging of magnetic domains in reflection
    Silva, T. J. / Schultz, S. et al. | 1996
    726
    The Texas Thermal Interface: A real‐time computer interface for an Inframetrics infrared camera
    Storek, D. J. / Gentle, K. W. et al. | 1996
    730
    Near‐infrared topographic measurement system: Imaging of absorbers localized in a scattering medium
    Yamashita, Yuichi / Maki, Atsushi / Koizumi, Hideaki et al. | 1996
    733
    A simple digital multilevel streak image of combustion
    Hajossy, R. / Morva, I. / Pavli´k, J. / Su˚ra, P. et al. | 1996
    737
    An electron imaging approach to soft‐x‐ray transmission spectromicroscopy
    De Stasio, Gelsomina / Lorusso, G. F. / Droubay, T. / Kohli, M. / Muralt, P. / Perfetti, P. / Margaritondo, G. / Kelly, T. F. / Tonner, B. P. et al. | 1996
    742
    A flange‐on type low energy electron microscope
    Grzelakowski, K. / Bauer, E. et al. | 1996
    748
    A simple method for preparing calibration standards for the three working axes of scanning probe microscope piezo scanners
    Alliata, Dario / Cecconi, Ciro / Nicolini, Claudio et al. | 1996
    752
    An orthotropic source of thermal atoms
    Dinneen, Timothy / Ghiorso, Albert / Gould, Harvey et al. | 1996
    756
    Crossed aperture lenses for the correction of chromatic and aperture aberrations
    Baranova, L. A. / Yavor, S. Ya. / Read, F. H. et al. | 1996
    761
    A method for producing highly uniform field characteristic with line currents
    Crow, James T. et al. | 1996
    769
    Multicusp type machine for electron cyclotron resonance plasma with reduced dimensions
    Amemiya, H. / Maeda, M. et al. | 1996
    775
    Uniform excitation of a cylindrical plasma column by a microwave ring resonator
    Hunscher, Andreas / Mentel, Ju¨rgen et al. | 1996
    781
    X-ray laser radiography of perturbations due to imprint of laser speckle in 0.35 mm laser irradiation of a thin Si foil
    Kalantar, D.H. et al. | 1996
    781
    X‐ray laser radiography of perturbations due to imprint of laser speckle in 0.35 μm laser irradiation of a thin Si foil
    Kalantar, D. H. / Barbee, T. W. / DaSilva, L. B. / Glendinning, S. G. / Weber, F. / Weber, S. V. / Key, M. H. / Knauer, J. P. et al. | 1996
    786
    A soft x‐ray octadecyl hydrogen maleate crystal spectrograph
    Fan, P. Z. / Fill, E. E. / Tietang, Guan et al. | 1996
    789
    An automated magnetometer using the Tchebycheff method of numerical integration
    Ray, Anindita / Chakravarti, A. / Ranganathan, R. et al. | 1996
    796
    A formal presentation and comparative study of low‐frequency noise reduction techniques for direct current superconducting quantum interference devices
    Lam Chok Sing, M. / Dolabdjian, C. / Gunther, C. / Bloyet, D. / Certenais, J. et al. | 1996
    805
    Automated reed‐type Kelvin probe for work function and surface photovoltage studies
    Kumar, C. Suresh / Subrahmanyam, A. / Majhi, J. et al. | 1996
    809
    Wave form analysis of constant capacitance–voltage transient deep level transient spectroscopy using an iterative feedback system
    Okamoto, Y. / Yonekura, H. / Morimoto, J. / Miyakawa, T. et al. | 1996
    813
    High pressure electrophoresis in narrow bore glass tubes: One‐ and two‐dimensional separations of protein subunits
    Erijman, Leonardo / Clegg, Robert M. et al. | 1996
    818
    A magnetic manipulator for studying local rheology and micromechanical properties of biological systems
    Amblard, Franc¸ois / Yurke, Bernard / Pargellis, Andrew / Leibler, Stanislas et al. | 1996
    828
    Microbial diffraction gratings as optical detectors for heavy metal pollutants
    Noever, David / Matsos, Helen / Brittain, Andrew / Obenhuber, Don / Cronise, Raymond / Armstrong, Shannon et al. | 1996
    833
    Atomic magnetic resonance based current source
    Shifrin, V. Ya / Kim, C. G. / Park, P. G. et al. | 1996
    837
    Acceleration of neon pellets to high speeds for fusion applications
    Combs, S. K. / Love, T. L. / Jernigan, T. C. / Milora, S. L. / Frattolillo, A. / Migliori, S. et al. | 1996
    840
    A diamond‐anvil cell for single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction studies to pressures in excess of 10 GPa
    Allan, D. R. / Miletich, R. / Angel, R. J. et al. | 1996
    843
    Electronically tunable fiber laser for optical pumping of 3He and 4He
    Stephens, E. F. / Patrick, H. / Gilbert, S. L. et al. | 1996
    845
    New etching procedure for silver scanning tunneling microscopy tips
    Dickmann, K. / Demming, F. / Jersch, J. et al. | 1996
    847
    Nonintrusive fast response concentration measurement device for chemical reactors
    Nadeau, P. / Berk, D. / Munz, R. J. et al. | 1996
    849
    A new simple emissive probe
    Siebenfo¨rcher, A. / Schrittwieser, R. et al. | 1996
    851
    Automation of a torque magnetometer for measuring magnetic thin films
    Tejedor, M. / Fernandez, A. / Cerdeira, M. A. et al. | 1996
    853
    A microlens to improve the optical signal from a diamond anvil cell
    Scheerboom, M. I. M. / Schouten, J. A. et al. | 1996
    855
    New Instruments
    | 1996
    858
    New Materials and Components
    | 1996
    864
    CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEX
    | 1996
    867
    General review of recent developments for electron cyclotron resonance ion sources
    Sortais, P. et al. | 1996
    867
    General review of recent developments for electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (invited)
    Sortais, P. et al. | 1996
    873
    Review of recent developments for electron-beam ion sources (EBIS)
    Donets, E. D. et al. | 1996
    873
    Review of recent developments for electron‐beam ion sources (EBIS) (invited)
    Donets, Evgeni D. et al. | 1996
    878
    Development of an electron‐beam ion source for a relativistic heavy‐ion collider preinjector
    Beebe, E. / Alessi, J. / Hershcovitch, A. / Kponou, A. / Prelec, K. / Schmieder, R. W. et al. | 1996
    881
    Time evolution of charge states in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (abstract)a)
    Pardo, R. C. / Harkewicz, R. / Billquist, P. J. et al. | 1996
    881
    Time evolution of charge states in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (abstract)
    Pardo, R.C. et al. | 1996
    881
    Time evolution of charge states in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source
    Pardo, R. C. / Harkewicz, R. / Billquist, P. J. et al. | 1996
    882
    Summary of 12th international ECRIS workshop (1995) (invited) (abstract)
    Sekiguchi, M. et al. | 1996
    882
    Summary of 12th international ECRIS workshop [1995] (invited) (abstract)a)
    Sekiguchi, M. et al. | 1996
    882
    Summary of 12th international ECRIS workshop [1995]
    Sekiguchi, M. et al. | 1996
    883
    The new 1.2 T–14.5 GHz Caprice source of multicharged ions: Results with metallic elements
    Hitz, D. / Bourg, F. / Delaunay, M. / Ludwig, P. / Melin, G. / Pontonnier, M. / NGuyen, T. K. et al. | 1996
    886
    Production of high charge state ions with the Advanced Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source at LBNL
    Xie, Zu Qi / Lyneis, C. M. et al. | 1996
    889
    Magnet tests and status of the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance source SERSE
    Ciavola, G. / Gammino, S. / Cafici, M. / Castro, M. / Chines, F. / Marletta, S. / Alessandria, F. / Bourg, F. / Briand, P. / Melin, G. et al. | 1996
    892
    The production of high‐duty‐cycle, high‐yield beams of highly charged ions with an electron beam ion source
    Stockli, Martin P. et al. | 1996
    895
    Radio frequency, microwave, and electron cyclotron resonance ion sources for industrial applications: A review (invited)
    Wartski, L. / Schwebel, C. / Aubert, J. et al. | 1996
    895
    Radio frequency, microwave, and electron cyclotron resonance ion sources for industrial applications: A review
    Wartski, L. / Schwebel, C. / Aubert, J. et al. | 1996
    901
    Ion sources for implantation application (invited)
    Matsuda, Koji / Tanjyo, Masayasu et al. | 1996
    901
    Ion sources for implantation application
    Matsuda, K. / Tanjyo, M. et al. | 1996
    905
    Hollow‐anode plasma source for molecular beam epitaxy of gallium nitride
    Anders, A. / Newman, N. / Rubin, M. / Dickinson, M. / Jones, E. / Phatak, P. / Gassmann, A. et al. | 1996
    908
    A novel rectilinear ion source for direct metal ion beam deposition
    Kim, S. I. et al. | 1996
    908
    A novel rectilinear ion source for direct metal ion beam deposition (abstract)
    Kim, S. I. et al. | 1996
    909
    High velocity ion microprobes and their source requirements
    Legge, G. J. F. / Moloney, G. R. / Colman, R. A. / Allan, G. L. et al. | 1996
    909
    High velocity ion microprobes and their source requirements (invited)
    Legge, G.J.F. et al. | 1996
    909
    High velocity ion microprobes and their source requirements (invited) (abstract>
    Legge, G. J. F. / Moloney, G. R. / Colman, R. A. / Allan, G. L. et al. | 1996
    915
    Review of high brightness ion sources for microlithography (invited)
    Dudnikov, V. G. et al. | 1996
    915
    Review of high brightness ion sources for microlithography
    Dudnikov, V. G. et al. | 1996
    921
    Modeling the electron heating in a compact electron cyclotron resonance ion source
    Grotjohn, T. A. et al. | 1996
    924
    Electron beam evaporation broad beam metal ion source for material modifications
    Feng, Y. C. / Li, X. G. / Yang, S. T. et al. | 1996
    927
    Surface plasma source to generate high-brightness H^- beams for ion projection lithography
    Dudnikov, V. G. / Derevyankin, G. E. / Kovalevsky, D. V. / Savkin, V. Y. / Sokolovsky, E. A. / Guharay, S. K. et al. | 1996
    927
    Surface plasma source to generate high‐brightness H− beams for ion projection lithography (abstract)a)
    Dudnikov, V. G. / Derevyankin, G. E. / Kovalevsky, D. V. / Savkin, V. Ya. / Sokolovsky, E. A. / Guharay, S. K. et al. | 1996
    927
    Surface plasma source to generate high-brightness H- beams for ion projection lithography (abstract)
    Dudnikov, V.G. et al. | 1996
    927
    Initial results of the 2.45 GHz excitation of the superconducting ECR ion source in its high-B mode
    Srivastava, A. K. / Antaya, T. A. et al. | 1996
    927
    Initial results of the 2.45 GHz excitation of the superconducting ECR ion source in its high-B mode (abstract)
    Srivastava, A.K. et al. | 1996
    928
    Ion sources for radioactive beams and related problems (Review)
    Kirchner, R. et al. | 1996
    928
    Ion sources for radioactive beams and related problems (Review) (invited)
    Kirchner, R. et al. | 1996
    934
    Review of resonant laser ionization sources for on-line mass separators for radioactive ion beams (invited) (abstract)
    Mishin, V.I. et al. | 1996
    934
    Selection of targets and ion sources for radioactive ion beam generation at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility
    Alton, G. D. et al. | 1996
    934
    Selection of targets and ion sources for radioactive ion beam generation at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (invited) (abstract)a),b)
    Alton, G. D. et al. | 1996
    934
    Selection of targets and ion sources for radioactive ion beam generation at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (invited) (abstract)
    Alton, G.D. et al. | 1996
    934
    Review of resonant laser ionization sources for on-line mass separators for radioactive ion beams
    Mishin, V. I. et al. | 1996
    935
    Review of work related to ion sources and targets for radioactive beams at Argonne
    Nolen, J. A. et al. | 1996
    938
    Laser ion source for the Leuven Isotope Separator On‐Line
    Kudryavtsev, Yu. A. / Andrzejewski, J. / Bijnens, N. / Franchoo, S. / Huyse, M. / Piechaczek, A. / Szerypo, J. / Reusen, I. / Van Duppen, P. / Vermeeren, L. et al. | 1996
    941
    Production of U^9^2^+ with an electron beam ion trap
    Marrs, R. E. et al. | 1996
    941
    Production of U92+ with an electron beam ion trap (invited)
    Marrs, R. E. et al. | 1996
    945
    Multicharged ion sources for pulsed accelerators
    Haseroth, H. / Hill, C. E. et al. | 1996
    945
    Multicharged ion sources for pulsed accelerators (invited)
    Haseroth, H. / Hill, C. E. et al. | 1996
    950
    Multiply charged ion generation from NIR and visible laser‐produced plasma
    La´ska, L. / Kra´sa, J. / Masˇek, K. / Pfeifer, M. / Trenda, P. / Kra´likova´, B. / Ska´la, J. / Rohlena, K. / Woryna, E. / Farny, J. et al. | 1996
    953
    Anomalous oxygen isotopic charge state distribution in ECRIS: New evidence
    Drentje, A. G. / Girard, A. / Hitz, D. / Melin, G. et al. | 1996
    956
    Peristaltic ion source
    Brown, I. G. / Anders, A. / Anders, S. / Dickinson, M. R. / MacGill, R. A. et al. | 1996
    956
    Peristaltic ion source (invited)
    Brown, I. G. / Anders, A. / Anders, S. / Dickinson, M. R. / MacGill, R. A. et al. | 1996
    959
    Upgrade of a vacuum arc ion source using a strong pulsed magnetic field
    Oks, E. M. / Brown, I. G. / Dickinson, M. R. / MacGill, R. A. et al. | 1996
    962
    Status of ion sources for the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator HIMAC
    Kitagawa, A. / Yamada, S. / Muramatsu, M. / Ogawa, H. / Sato, Y. / Torikoshi, M. / Yoshizawa, J. / Sekiguchi, M. / Hattori, T. / Honda, Y. et al. | 1996
    965
    Multicharged metallic ion production for accelerators
    Wolf, B. H. et al. | 1996
    965
    Multicharged metallic ion production for accelerators (invited)
    Wolf, B. H. et al. | 1996
    971
    Design aspects of the Debrecen ECR ion source
    Biri, S. / Va´mosi, J. et al. | 1996
    974
    Romanian ECR ion source project RECRIS
    Dobrescu, S. / Scha¨chter, L. / Badescu‐Singureanu, A. I. / Zoran, V. et al. | 1996
    977
    Construction and development of the JAERI 18 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source
    Yokota, W. / Saitoh, Y. / Ishii, Y. / Nara, T. / Arakawa, K. / Wu, Y. et al. | 1996
    980
    Dubna electron cyclotron resonance ion source (DECRIS)‐14‐2: Results of the first operation
    Efremov, A. / Kutner, V. B. / Lebedev, A. N. / Loginov, V. N. / Yazvitskiy, N. / Zhao, H. et al. | 1996
    983
    A design study for a super-EBIT-EBIS without magnetic field
    Becker, R. et al. | 1996
    983
    A design study for a super‐EBIT/EBIS without magnetic fielda)
    Becker, R. / Donets, E. D. / Kleinod, M. / Margolis, H. S. / Silver, J. D. et al. | 1996
    986
    A generation of unconventional electron beam ion sources
    Kleinod, M. / Becker, R. / Bongers, H. / Weidenmu¨ller, M. / Zipfel, B. / Donets, E. D. et al. | 1996
    989
    Periodic permanent magnets‐focusing super electron‐beam ion trap (abstract)
    Ovsyannikov, V. P. / Kalagin, I. V. / Golenitskiy, I. I. / Kultashev, O. K. et al. | 1996
    989
    Periodic permanent magnets-focusing super electron-beam ion trap
    Ovsyannikov, V. P. / Kalagin, I. V. / Golenitskiy, I. I. / Kultashev, O. K. et al. | 1996
    989
    Computational studies for a multiple-frequency electron cyclotron resonance ion source (abstract)
    Alton, G.D. et al. | 1996
    989
    Computational studies for a multiple-frequency electron cyclotron resonance ion source
    Alton, G. D. et al. | 1996
    990
    Investigation of a small, closed electron drift, stationary plasma thruster
    Guerrini, G. / Vesselovzorov, A. N. / Bacal, M. / Pokrovsky, I. B. et al. | 1996
    993
    Negative hydrogen ion production in multicusp volume source with a pulsed discharge
    Bacal, M. / Belchenko, Y. I. et al. | 1996
    993
    Negative hydrogen ion production in multicusp volume source with a pulsed discharge (abstract)a)
    Bacal, M. / Belchenko, Yu. I. et al. | 1996
    993
    Negative hydrogen ion production in multicusp volume source with a pulsed discharge (abstract)
    Bacal, M. et al. | 1996
    994
    A compact electron cyclotron resonance proton ion source
    Boukari, F. / Wartski, L. / Roy, V. / Schwebel, C. / Coste, Ph. / Aubert, J. et al. | 1996
    997
    Formation of rectilinearly wide plasmas by a slotted waveguide under electron cyclotron resonance
    Ishii, S. / Wakatsuchi, M. / Kato, Y. / Tani, F. / Sunagawa, M. et al. | 1996
    1000
    A slab‐shaped electron cyclotron resonance ion beam source for in‐line running target treatments
    Roy, V. / Wartski, L. / Boukari, F. / Momy, A. / Schwebel, C. / Coste, Ph. / Aubert, J. et al. | 1996
    1003
    Small microwave ion source for an ion implanter
    Song, Zhizhong / Jiang, Dong / Yu, Jinxiang et al. | 1996
    1006
    Characteristics of a nozzle–beam‐type microwave radical source
    Yoshida, Yoshikazu et al. | 1996
    1009
    A 16 cm broad‐beam ion source for ion‐beam etching of quartz wafers
    Rao, Yusheng / Li, Ming / Qi, Bo / Li, Fei et al. | 1996
    1012
    Negative‐ion extraction of gaseous materials from a radio frequency plasma‐sputter‐type heavy negative‐ion source
    Tsuji, Hiroshi / Ishikawa, Junzo / Tomita, Tetsuo / Gotoh, Yasuhito et al. | 1996
    1015
    Praseodymium alloy ion source for focused ion beam implantation in superconductors
    Machalett, F. / Seidel, P. / Mu¨hle, R. et al. | 1996
    1018
    Development of a 500 keV, 22 A D− ion source for the neutral beam injector for JT‐60U
    Okumura, Y. / Fujiwara, Y. / Honda, A. / Inoue, T. / Kuriyama, M. / Miyamoto, K. / Miyamoto, N. / Mogaki, K. / Nagase, A. / Ohara, Y. et al. | 1996
    1021
    High‐energy and high‐current hydrogen negative‐ion beam production with an external‐filter‐type large negative‐ion source
    Takeiri, Y. / Kaneko, O. / Oka, Y. / Tsumori, K. / Asano, E. / Akiyama, R. / Kawamoto, T. / Kuroda, T. / Ando, A. et al. | 1996
    1024
    Cesium injection into a large rf‐driven hydrogen negative‐ion source
    Takanashi, T. / Takeiri, Y. / Kaneko, O. / Oka, Y. / Tsumori, K. / Kuroda, T. et al. | 1996
    1027
    Deuterium ion source
    Dimov, G. I. / Donin, A. S. / Marin, O. Yu. / Morozov, I. I. / Savkin, V. Ya. / Wiebe, S. A. et al. | 1996
    1029
    A 100 keV operation of a large vacuum‐immersed H− ion source
    Oka, Y. / Kaneko, O. / Takeiri, Y. / Tsumori, K. / Ando, A. / Asano, E. / Akiyama, R. / Kawamoto, T. / Kuroda, T. et al. | 1996
    1032
    Measurement of grid heat load in a 400 keV, high current negative hydrogen ion accelerator
    Miyamoto, K. / Inoue, T. / Miyamoto, N. / Nagase, A. / Ohara, Y. / Okumura, Y. / Watanabe, K. et al. | 1996
    1032
    Measurement of grid heat load in a 400 keV, high current negative hydrogen ion accelerator (abstract)
    Miyamoto, K. / Inoue, T. / Miyamoto, N. / Nagase, A. / Ohara, Y. / Okumura, Y. / Watanabe, K. et al. | 1996
    1033
    Directed cesium deposition into a large volume negative‐ion source
    Belchenko, Yu. / Jacquot, C. / Pamela, J. / Riz, D. et al. | 1996
    1036
    Negative ion production in large volume source with small deposition of cesium
    Jacquot, C. / Pamela, J. / Riz, D. / Belchenko, Yu. et al. | 1996
    1039
    An H− source for ESS
    Volk, K. / Klein, H. / Lakatos, A. / Maaser, A. / Weber, M. et al. | 1996
    1042
    Development of a toroidal‐filter H− ion source
    Stevens, Ralph R. / York, R. L. / Geisik, C. / Swenson, David R. et al. | 1996
    1045
    The status of Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron H− sources
    Peters, J. et al. | 1996
    1048
    Radio frequency beam chopping in a surface‐plasma‐type negative‐ion source
    Shinto, K. / Takagi, A. / Kinsho, M. / Ikegami, K. / Igarashi, Z. / Machida, S. / Yoshii, M. / Mori, Y. et al. | 1996
    1051
    Development of a high brightness negative hydrogen ion source
    Oguri, H. / Okumura, Y. / Miyamoto, N. / Kusano, J. / Mizumoto, M. et al. | 1996
    1054
    Development of a D+ source for International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility
    Maaser, A. / Volk, K. / Weber, M. / Klein, H. et al. | 1996
    1057
    Performance characterization of rf‐driven multicusp ion sources
    Perkins, L. T. / De Vries, G. J. / Herz, P. R. / Kunkel, W. B. / Leung, K. N. / Pickard, D. S. / Wengrow, A. / Williams, M. D. et al. | 1996
    1060
    Volume source of hydrogen negative ions based on reflexive discharge: Theory and experiment
    Goretsky, V. P. / Ryabtsev, A. V. / Soloshenko, I. A. / Tarasenko, A. F. / Schedrin, A. I. et al. | 1996
    1060
    Volume source of hydrogen negative ions based on reflexive discharge: Theory and experiment (abstract)a)
    Goretsky, V. P. / Ryabtsev, A. V. / Soloshenko, I. A. / Tarasenko, A. F. / Schedrin, A. I. et al. | 1996
    1060
    Volume source of hydrogen negative ions based on reflexive discharge: Theory and experiment (abstract)
    Goretsky, V.P. et al. | 1996
    1061
    Microwave‐driven multipurpose ion source
    Jayamanna, K. / Yuan, D. / Kuo, T. / McDonald, M. / Schmor, P. W. / Dutto, G. et al. | 1996
    1064
    Factors affecting the design of a single gap accelerating column
    Abdelaziz, M. E. / Zakhary, S. G. / Ghanem, A. A. et al. | 1996
    1067
    Numerical simulation research of a high‐current ion source extraction system for nuclear fusion
    Wang, H. S. / Jian, G. D. / Jiang, S. F. et al. | 1996
    1070
    Ion optical system for transport and deceleration of highly charged ions
    Henke, D. / Tyrroff, H. et al. | 1996
    1073
    Characteristics of low‐energy intense ion beam formation and transport
    Goncharov, A. A. / Protsenko, I. M. / Dobrovolsky, A. N. et al. | 1996
    1076
    Design of the axial beam line for the injection of high intensity beams into the Laboratorio Nazionale del Sud superconducting cyclotron
    Gammino, S. / Ciavola, G. et al. | 1996
    1079
    Modeling microwave conversion to longitudinal waves in small electron cyclotron resonance plasmas
    Cavenago, M. et al. | 1996
    1082
    Modeling of gas flow in the simulation of H− ion source
    Ogasawara, Masatada / Okuda, Yasuhiro / Shirai, Mikito / Mitsuhashi, Seiji / Hatayama, Akiyoshi et al. | 1996
    1085
    Theoretical investigation of electron temperature variation across magnetic filter in a negative ion source
    Shirai, Mikito / Ogasawara, Masatada / Koishimine, Takehiko / Hatayama, Akiyoshi et al. | 1996
    1088
    Numerical simulation of cesium effects on plasma parameter dependence of H− production in a tandem ion source (abstract)
    Fukumasa, Osamu / Niitani, Eiji et al. | 1996
    1088
    Numerical simulation of cesium effects on plasma parameter dependence of H^- production in a tandem ion source
    Fukumasa, O. / Niitani, E. et al. | 1996
    1089
    Acceleration of light ions from a laser source in a four vane radio frequency quadrupole
    Collier, J. / Haseroth, H. / Kuttenberger, A. / Langbein, K. et al. | 1996
    1092
    High power negative ion sources for fusion at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (invited)
    Okumura, Y. / Fujiwara, Y. / Inoue, T. / Miyamoto, K. / Miyamoto, N. / Nagase, A. / Ohara, Y. / Watanabe, K. et al. | 1996
    1092
    High power negative ion sources for fusion at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
    Okumura, Y. / Fujiwara, Y. / Inoue, T. / Miyamoto, K. / Miyamoto, N. / Nagase, A. / Ohara, Y. / Watanabe, K. et al. | 1996
    1098
    Ion sources for heavy ion fusion (invited)
    Yu, Simon S. / Eylon, S. / Chupp, W. / Henestroza, E. / Lidia, S. / Peters, C. / Reginato, L. / Tauschwitz, A. / Grote, D. / Deadrick, F. et al. | 1996
    1098
    Ion sources for heavy ion fusion
    Yu, S. S. / Eylon, S. / Chupp, W. / Henestroza, E. / Lidia, S. / Peters, C. / Reginato, L. / Tauschwitz, A. / Grote, D. / Deadrick, F. et al. | 1996
    1102
    Negative ion beam development at Cadarache (invited)
    Simonin, A. / Bucalossi, J. / Desgranges, C. / Fumelli, M. / Jacquot, C. / Massmann, P. / Pamela, J. / Riz, D. / Trainham, R. / Belchenko, Y. et al. | 1996
    1102
    Negative ion beam development at Cadarache
    Simonin, A. / Bucalossi, J. / Desgranges, C. / Fumelli, M. / Jacquot, C. / Massmann, P. / Pamela, J. / Riz, D. / Trainham, R. / Belchenko, Y. et al. | 1996
    1108
    Multiampere negative ion source development at Novosibirsk (invited)
    Belchenko, Yu. I. / Dimov, G. I. / Kupriyanov, A. S. et al. | 1996
    1108
    Multiampere negative ion source development at Novosibirsk
    Belchenko, Y. I. / Dimov, G. I. / Kupriyanov, A. S. et al. | 1996
    1114
    Energetic negative ion source for fusion at NIFS (invited)
    Kuroda, T. / Kaneko, O. / Takeiri, Y. / Oka, Y. / Tsumori, K. / Asano, E. / Kawamoto, T. / Akiyama, R. / Ando, A. / Takanashi, T. et al. | 1996
    1114
    Energetic negative ion source for fusion at NIFS
    Kuroda, T. / Kaneko, O. / Takeiri, Y. / Oka, Y. / Tsumori, K. / Asano, E. / Kawamoto, T. / Akiyama, R. / Ando, A. / Takanashi, T. et al. | 1996
    1120
    Neutral beams for ITER (invited)a)
    Hemsworth, R. S. / Feist, J.‐H. / Hanada, M. / Heinemann, B. / Inoue, T. / Kussel, E. / Krylov, A. / Lotte, P. / Miyamoto, K. / Miyamoto, N. et al. | 1996
    1120
    Neutral beams for ITER
    Hemsworth, R. S. / Feist, J.-H. / Hanada, M. / Heinemann, B. / Inoue, T. / Kussel, E. / Krylov, A. / Lotte, P. / Miyamoto, K. / Miyamoto, N. et al. | 1996
    1120
    Neutral beams for ITER (invited)
    Hemsworth, R.S. et al. | 1996
    1126
    Ion sources for space thrusters (invited)
    Grigoryan, V. G. et al. | 1996
    1126
    Ion sources for space thrusters
    Grigoryan, V. G. et al. | 1996
    1132
    Numerical simulation of ion-beam formation
    Becker, R. et al. | 1996
    1132
    Numerical simulation of ion‐beam formation (invited)
    Becker, Reinard et al. | 1996
    1138
    Basic processes of negative hydrogen ion production and destruction in sources and beams (invited)
    Bacal, M. / Michaut, C. / Elizarov, L. I. / El Balghiti, F. et al. | 1996
    1138
    Basic processes of negative hydrogen ion production and destruction in sources and beams
    Bacal, M. / Michaut, C. / Elizarov, L. I. / El Balghiti, F. et al. | 1996
    1144
    New design method for the extraction electrodes of high‐brightness space charge dominated ion beams
    Lemaiˆtre, S. / Reckenfelderba¨umer, R. / Paetz gen. Schieck, H. et al. | 1996
    1146
    Acceleration of high‐current ion beams
    Spa¨dtke, P. / Emig, H. / Klabunde, J. / Mayr, R. / Ru¨ck, D. M. / Tinschert, K. et al. | 1996
    1149
    Particle simulation of the potential formation across the magnetic filter
    Naitou, Hiroshi / Fukumasa, Osamu / Sakachou, Kouji et al. | 1996
    1152
    Calculating method for confinement time and charge distribution of ions in electron cyclotron resonance sources
    Dougar‐Jabon, V. D. / Umnov, A. M. / Kutner, V. B. et al. | 1996
    1155
    High‐current plasma lens: New results and applications
    Goncharov, A. A. / Dobrovolsky, A. N. / Litovko, I. V. / Protsenko, I. M. / Zadorodzny, V. F. et al. | 1996
    1158
    Improvement of highly charged ion production in the ECR source of heavy ions
    Shirkov, G. D. et al. | 1996
    1161
    The electron-beam ion source "Krion-S" performance in LHE
    Ovsyannikov, V. P. / Kalagin, I. V. / Kovalenko, A. D. / Romanov, Y. I. / Kultashev, O. K. et al. | 1996
    1161
    The electron‐beam ion source ‘‘Krion‐S’’ performance in LHE (abstract)
    Ovsyannikov, V. P. / Kalagin, I. V. / Kovalenko, A. D. / Romanov, Yi. I. / Kultashev, O. K. et al. | 1996
    1162
    Improvements on the KSU‐CRYEBIS: A facility for low‐energy, highly charged ions
    Stockli, M. P. / Gibson, P. E. / Cocke, C. L. / DePaola, B. D. / Fry, D. / Kravis, S. / Parks, D. / Richard, P. / Tipping, T. N. / Walch, B. et al. | 1996
    1165
    The Frankfurt MEDEBIS: A prototype of an injector for a synchrotron dedicated for cancer therapya)
    Kester, O. / Becker, R. / Kleinod, M. et al. | 1996
    1165
    The Frankfurt MEDEBIS: A prototype of an injector for a synchrotron dedicated for cancer therapy
    Kester, O. et al. | 1996
    1168
    First results on the warm EBIS source at Saclay
    Gobin, R. / Delferrie`re, O. / Gros, P. / Leaux, P. / Visentin, B. / Congretel, G. / Faure, J. / Harrault, F. / Leroy, P. A. / Courtois, A. et al. | 1996
    1171
    Beam tests of a compact 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source
    Shibuya, S. / Fukushima, T. / Kimura, T. / Muramatsu, M. / Kitagawa, A. / Yamada, S. et al. | 1996
    1174
    Construction of mini‐ECRIS for the JAERI 400 kV ion implanter
    Saitoh, Y. / Yokota, W. et al. | 1996
    1177
    Enhanced production of multicharged boron ions by approaching a boride target to an ECR zone
    Kato, Y. / Fukukawa, A. / Ishii, S. et al. | 1996
    1180
    Design parameters, goals, and status of the new ATLAS ECR ion source
    Pardo, R. C. / Harkewicz, R. / Billquist, P. J. / Lyneis, C. M. / Xie, Z. Q. et al. | 1996
    1183
    Present status of the 2.45 GHz ECRIS for a light ion accelerator at IAP
    Cojocaru, G. / Martin, D. / Ivanov, E. / Macovei, M. et al. | 1996
    1186
    First operation of HiECR‐3 ion source for 14–18 GHz
    Hattori, T. / Katayose, T. / Yamada, S. / Kitagawa, K. / Sekiguchi, M. / Yamashita, Y. et al. | 1996
    1189
    A high-efficiency positive (negative) surface ionization source for radioactive ion beam (abstract)
    Alton, G.D. et al. | 1996
    1189
    A combined thermal dissociation and electron impact ionization source for radioactive ion beam generation
    Alton, G. D. / Williams, C. et al. | 1996
    1189
    A combined thermal dissociation and electron impact ionization source for radioactive ion beam generation (abstract)a)
    Alton, G. D. / Williams, C. et al. | 1996
    1189
    A high-efficiency positive (negative) surface ionization source for radioactive ion beam
    Alton, G. D. / Mills, G. D. et al. | 1996
    1189
    A combined thermal dissociation and electron impact ionization source for radioactive ion beam generation (abstract)
    Alton, G.D. et al. | 1996
    1190
    Negative hydrogen ion emission from heated metal hydride powder
    Kawano, Hiroyuki / Nagayasu, Hiroshi / Serizawa, Naoshi / Ohta, Hideto / Takeda, Makiko / Wada, Motoi / Sasao, Mamiko et al. | 1996
    1193
    Thermal positive‐ion source developed for molecular beam detection
    Kawano, Hiroyuki / Matsui, Seiji / Serizawa, Naoshi et al. | 1996
    1196
    Generation of energetic barium atomic beam for fusion plasma diagnostics
    Murakami, K. / Fukuura, Y. / Mima, H. / Katsumata, I. et al. | 1996
    1199
    Production of a Li− ion beam from a thermal contact–ionization plasma source
    Fukuura, Y. / Murakami, K. / Masuoka, T. / Katsumata, I. et al. | 1996
    1202
    High ion charge states in a high‐current, short‐pulse, vacuum arc ion source
    Anders, Andre´ / Brown, Ian / MacGill, Robert / Dickinson, Michael et al. | 1996
    1205
    Optimization of U4+ output of the MEVVA ion source
    Batalin, V. A. / Kuybeda, R. P. / Kulevoy, T. V. / Petrenko, S. V. et al. | 1996
    1207
    The insertion of a small Mevva source inside an electron cyclotron resonance: Status report
    Cavenago, M. / Vassiliev, A. et al. | 1996
    1210
    Vacuum arc ion sources—Micro to macro
    MacGill, R. A. / Dickinson, M. R. / Brown, I. G. et al. | 1996
    1213
    Vacuum arc gas/metal ion sources with a magnetic field
    Oks, Efim / Yushkov, George / Schanin, Peter / Nikolaev, Alex et al. | 1996
    1216
    A simple electron cyclotron resonance ion source (abstract)
    Welton, R.F. et al. | 1996
    1216
    A simple electron cyclotron resonance ion source
    Welton, R. F. / Moran, T. F. / Feeney, R. K. / Thomas, E. W. et al. | 1996
    1216
    Fifty centimeter ion beam source
    Hayes, A. V. / Kanarov, V. / Vidinsky, B. et al. | 1996
    1216
    A simple electron cyclotron resonance ion source (abstract)a)
    Welton, R. F. / Moran, T. F. / Feeney, R. K. / Thomas, E. W. et al. | 1996
    1216
    Fifty centimeter ion beam source (abstract)
    Hayes, A.V. et al. | 1996
    1217
    An 18‐cm‐diam intense beam current broad beam ion source for surface modifications (abstract)
    Feng, Y. C. / Li, X. G. et al. | 1996
    1217
    An 18-cm-diam intense beam current broad beam ion source for surface modifications
    Feng, Y. C. / Li, X. G. et al. | 1996
    1218
    Exact energy values of ‘‘low‐energy ion beams’’
    Sakudo, N. / Hayashi, K. et al. | 1996
    1221
    Neutralization of space charge forces using ionized background gas
    Steski, D. B. / Zarcone, M. J. / Smith, K. S. / Thieberger, P. et al. | 1996
    1224
    Hollow cathode magnetron ion source with axial extraction
    Miljevic´, Vujo I. et al. | 1996
    1227
    A microwave‐driven negative ion source
    Wills, J. S. C. / Schmeing, H. / Diamond, W. T. / Diserens, J. / Imahori, Y. / Taylor, T. et al. | 1996
    1230
    Multi‐sample negative ion source
    Gelbart, W. Z. / Johnson, R. R. / Paul, M. / Shahar, Y. / Schubank, R. B. / Cifarelli, F. et al. | 1996
    1233
    Development of a compact negative ion source using powdery samples
    Wada, Motoi / Kawano, Hiroyuki / Sasao, Mamiko et al. | 1996

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