Surface Ocean – Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) in the upwelling region off Peru - Cruise No. M91 – December 01 – December 26, 2012 – Callao (Peru) – Callao (Peru) (English)

The Meteor cruise M91 (Callao-Callao) took place off Peru from 01 December to 26 December 2012. The overall goal of M91 was to conduct an integrated biogeochemical study on the upwelling region off Peru in order to assess its importance for the emissions of various climate-relevant atmospheric trace gases and tropospheric chemistry. The various work packages of M91 included measurements of and sampling for (1) atmospheric and dissolved trace gases, (2) aerosols, (3) nitrogen processes and isotopes in the water column, (4) dissolved organic matter in the surface microlayer, (5) upwelling velocity, and (6) exchange fluxes across the ocean/atmosphere interface. M91 was funded by the German BMBF 'Verbundprojekt' SOPRAN (Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene) which is a German contribution to SOLAS (Surface Ocean – Lower Atmosphere Study).