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The Ss made three types of decisions about successively presented pairs of visual stimuli: Do the two pairs have at least one item in common, do they have both items in common, are they identical. Both response times (RTs) and error rates indicated that the first question was the most difficult to deal with and the last the easiest. Two types of stimuli were used: letters and random dot patterns. Both RTs and error rates were much larger for the latter. Performance also varied with the way in which the items of the second (probe) pair of stimuli corresponded to those of the first (target) pair. In particular, it was sensitive to whether like items in the two displays occurred in the same or different positions. The implications of these findings for questions of serial versus parallel processing and of visual versus auditory memory codes are discussed. (Author)