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The research objective of this proposal is to unravel the deformation and failure mechanisms of ultra-low density hierarchical nanoarchitected metallic and hybrid materials, in order to develop optimized macroscale lattices with controlled topological features from the nanometer to the centimeter scale. The proposed materials will consist of a nanoarchitected thin film deposited on a carefully optimized polymeric lattice-type architecture, which is subsequently removed. This will result in a material with unique combinations of high strength and toughness and low density.Through a synergistic combination of novel synthesis approaches, state-of-the-art multi-scale characterization techniques and topology optimization algorithms, this program will combine, for the first time, the main advantages of cellular and nanoporous materials toward the development of highly engineered ultra-low density hierarchical nano-architected lattices. Although recently metallic hollow microlattices with exceptionally strong nanocrystalline Nickel walls have been demonstrated, the brittleness of the nc-walls and local buckling mechanisms at the lattice nodes limit the achievable lattice strength.