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Low alloy steel pipelines, used to transport crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas, are located in a variety of microbiologically active environments, including below-ground in soils and undersea. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Office of Pipeline Safety as compiled statistics for pipeline releases, including oil and gas, from 2002 to 2011. Over the period of time approximately 34% of all releases were attributed to corrosion. National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) International estimated the cost of corrosion for offshore gas and liquid transmission pipelines was $7 billion. However, there are no specific statistics related to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of low alloy steel pipelines. Russian investigators estimated that 30% of the corrosion damage in equipment used for oil exploration and production was directly attributed to MIC.