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The corrosive influence of atmospheric sulfur compounds to man's health and his environment has been demonstratably costly. Damage to building materials, textiles, animals, plants, and artworks have been well documented and can in some cases be directly translated into financial loss. Indirect effects such as contribution to respiratory disease and increased death rates are more subtle but no less real. For both economic and ecological reasons, it has become imperative that atmospheric concentrations be minimized. Anthropogenic sources of atmospheric sulfur compounds are principally the combustion of fossil fuels, which produce sulfur dioxide along with several percent of sulfur trioxide. The predominant form of atmospheric gaseous sulfur is sulfur dioxide, accompanied by small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfur compounds such as mercaptans and sulfides. Aerosol sulfur exists primarily as sulfates, including bisulfate and sulfuric acid. The core of any monitoring system is the analytical instrument or technique. Methods for SO sub 2 sampling, calibration, and data acquisition and reduction are reviewed. 305 references. (ERA citation 02:060834)