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Little research has ever been undertaken on either the economic status of work-related disease victims or into the adequacy of state and federal compensation systems set up to serve disabled workers. Data on work history, health status, medical expenses, insurance coverage, income sources and program experience with state workers' compensation and federal social security disability were collected on 300 disabled cotton textile workers through the Carolina Brown Lung Association (CBLA). There are significant economic and health costs which are a result of disabling byssinosis, including premature disability, lost wages, and medical expenses. Eighty two per cent of the income maintenance benefits for the study population came through the federal government, while only 5.5 percent of the sample were receiving on-going workers' compensation payments. Data indicates that the costs of work-related disability has been shifted from responsible employers to the federal government.