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General William H. Simpson commanded the American Ninth Army throughout its entire period of combat in the European Theater of Operations in the Second World War. This biographical paper deals with Simpson's leadership. It is set in the period during which Simpson was preparing his army for an assault crossing of the Rhine River. Simpson was under the operational command of the British Field Marshal Montgomery. Relations between Simpson and Montgomery are discussed and particular attention is paid to their disagreement concerning the role that Ninth Army should have in the Rhine crossing. Though these two commanders spoke the same language and were both dedicated to defeating a common enemy, they differed on tactical matters. Those interested in the problems of interoperability might well explore previous experiments such as the placement of this American Army under British command. (Author)