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This project aims at designing sensing systems in bacteria E. coli by employing and re-engineering components from natural sensing systems. As shown in Figure 1, any such sensing system must have a detector, a transmission system, and a computation element, which produces a visible output. The transmission system usually involves covalent modification cycles such as phosphorylation (the MAPK cascades), while the computation element usually involves gene expression. The properties that we look for in a sensing system are (a) high sensitivity to the presence of molecules to be sensed and (b) fast response time so that the visible output is displayed with minimal delay with respect to when the environmental molecule appeared.