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When Congress revised the requirements for New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, it defined a technological system of continuous emission reduction to include not only postcombustion cleanup processes and pretreatment of fuels, but also new energy technologies that are inherently nonpolluting. The possibility of waivers for certain innovative technologies was also included. When EPA promulgated NSPS for utility boilers the concept of commercial demonstration permits was introduced, as a result of which certain innovative technologies were exempted from meeting the full standard for the first several thousand MW of capacity. This paper addresses whether certain advanced energy technologies could meet the kinds of NSPS currently being discussed for conventional steam generators in industry or what alternative approaches are preferable. Of particular interest to this work is cogeneration, because of its energy conservation potential, and fluidized-bed combustion, because of its favorable emissions characteristics. This work summarizes relevant market analysis for these technologies and estimates the effect of various regulatory options on market penetration. These regulatory options include the possibility of temporary waivers or exemptions, relaxed standards, and full standards. (ERA citation 81:025604)