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An A.I.D. project initiated in 1980 to upgrade informal communities in Helwan, a suburb of Cairo, Egypt, was successful in most respects except in its efforts to provide squatters with regularized land title. Since that time, however, significant changes have been made in the country's legal, policy, and institutional environment which may have improved the prospects for achieving the goal. The changes are described and analyzed in the report in terms of their impact on the land tenure system. Case studies of two other Egyptian land tenure projects - one in Nassiriya (the largest unplanned settlement in Aswan), the other in Ismailia - are also presented. The final section of the report outlines a possible course of action for future upgrading programs.