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The report discusses the results of a serological survey carried out at the 'Colonia Penal Agricola de Araracuara,' Colombia, during March, 1966. A total of 396 sera from persons never vaccinated against yellow fever were studied; 262 of them had been brought to the area when over fourteen years of age, and 134 were Indians native to that region who had never left it and who live a nomadic existence collecting natural rubber. The rate of persons with neutralizing antibodies against yellow fever was high (47.7%), particularly among the natives, who had a rate of 67.8%; non-natives had a rate of 37.4%. The general immunity rates in the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for other agents were: Mayaro, 19.4%; Ilheus, 19.9%; and St. Louis, 18.7%. These also showed higher values among the Indians. Ilheus virus was isolated from one subject. Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus apparently is not present in the area, as the Indians had no antibodies to it and only 4.6% of the non-natives had neutralizing antibodies. The St. Louis results, 6% positivity in the neutralization test, are also discussed. As for Mayaro (and/or Una), it seems to be constantly active, with an immunity rate of 44% in the HI test for Indians and 6.5% for non-natives. (Author)