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The principles of solid state physics involved in Peltier heat pumps are discussed. These heat pumps rely upon the thermal and electrical properties of conductor or semiconductor materials, e.g., bismuth tellurides, to effect, as a result of applying an electrical current, the transmission of heat and energy from a cooler soldered point which becomes cooler to a warmer soldered point which becomes warmer. The Peltier heat pump has the following advantages: a high degree of efficiency within a limited temperature range; excellent comfort with practically noiseless operation; high reliability; rapid and simple reversal from heating to cooling; and flexible regulation. The Peltier heat pump has the following disadvantages: it does help solve the problem of top effect discharge; its heat efficiency is the worst when it should be best; with single-phase supply, it requires additional rectifiers, designed for the high voltage supply; and the price for the equipment remains high. The maximum electrical effect costs about 4.5 krona/kW installed. Therefore, anticipated applications should be limited to equipment where the above-calculated requirements are estimated to be high, and where possible future technical requirements justify the high investment costs that existed for the railroad cars. (ERA citation 03:015618)