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The program legislated by the 1972 amendments to the Social Security Act established a new way for persons who fail to meet formal education requirements to demonstrate their competency to perform as cytotechnologists by passing a proficiency examination. Persons who pass the examination would be qualified to function as cytotechnologists in independent laboratories in the Medicare and Medicaid programs and the facilities could receive reimbursement under these programs for the tests performed by the cytotechnologists. The test's content was to be based on existing task analyses. A total of 108 tasks emerged from the review of the analyses by the Advisory Committee. These tasks formed the basis for the development of the test blueprint and the construction of items. The examination consisted of three parts: 120 multiple-choice questions, 32 multiple-choice questions based on Kodachrome plates; and responses to a series of 16 filmstrips. The multiple-choice questions were obtained from 110 cytotechnologists from all over the United States in an effort to avoid regionalism. The four forms of the examinations were taken by 672 candidates in February 1975, November 1975, November 1976, and September 1977. The performance of the candidates, in general, appears very comparable from form to form. The reliability coefficients for both the written and practical tests, for all forms, are above .93. The passing and failing rates for each form are tabularized. Overall, 37.2% of the candidates, or 250 people, failed and 62.8%, or 422 people passed.