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This study examines the military support provided by U.S. Joint Special Operations Task Force Philippines (JSOT F-P) to Philippine military operations. Building upon the 2010 Joint Civilian Casualty Study the first comprehensive examination of U.S. prevention and mitigation of civilian casualties based on U.S. operations in Afghanistan this current effort aimed to assess civilian casualties in the different context of indirect U.S. operations. We found that the evolution of Philippine civilian and military strategy since the mid 2000s has reduced the occurrence and salience of civilian casualty issues during combat operations. Additionally, the study revealed many related best practices in JSOT F-P and Operation Enduring Freedom Philippines (OE F-P) more broadly, and provided insights into the possible future evolution of the mission and wider implications for foreign internal defense (FID) in the 21st century.