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The proper organization and operation of cancer registries are discussed in a report directed primarily to Regional Medical Programs interested in establishing such registries as mechanisms for improving primary care of patients, planning cancer control programs, continuing professional and public education, and furthering cancer research. The first section deals with the hospital cancer registry -- its definition, objectives, components, organizational requirements, and special problems. Components of the hospital registry include a primary site file of abstracts, a patient name file, a follow-up control file, and an accession registry. Problems related to establishing and maintaining such a file include lack of physician interest, inadequate supervision and quality control, inadequate use of data, unavailability and turnover of personnel, manual versus automated operation, and continuing financing. The second section defines and identifies the objectives of the central cancer registry and offers examples of different types of central registries. The benefits of such registries are pointed out, organizational factors are discussed, and special problems (maintaining physician interest, quality control, availability of qualified personnel and long-term financing) are addressed. The third section offers guidelines for use by Regional Medical Programs in evaluating proposals for support of a cancer registry. Appended materials include basic standards for cancer programs, items of information for cancer registries, sample registry forms, an organizational plan for cancer programs, and a discussion of cost considerations in the operation of a hospital cancer registry. A list of references is provided.