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Dental materials encompass organic, metallic and ceramic components and combinations of these. Many of these have unique therapeutic or prosthetic applications since much of dental therapy involves the replacement of hard and soft tissues lost through disease. The operative restorations and prostheses employ amalgam, chromium-based alloys, precious and noble metal alloys, special cements, synthetic polymers, and porcelain, all of which must serve in the mouth with mechanical efficiency, freedom from toxicity, and the ability to withstand the corrosive oral environment. Many accessory materials are needed in fabrication of dental appliances. These include synthetic polymers, gums, waxes, hydrocolloids, elastomers, gypsums and refractories. The employment, values for the pertinent physical and chemical properties, the compositions and specifications characterizing the foregoing materials are presented and documented along with adequate sources for additional information.