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To ascertain the thermal wear of cermet tools, diffusion tests were conducted between the tools and plain carbon steel S 15 C. Machining tests were also conducted to find the relation between cutting temperature and tool wear. The results obtained were as follows: According to the diffusion test, Fe and Ni diffused each other at the temperature from 1000 to 1200 Cel. However, at the elevated temperature of 1300 Cel, a thick reaction layer which contains Fe, Ni, Mo, W or Ti was generated near the tool surface. And a large amount of carbon diffused from the tool to the steel. Mo and W in nitride type cermet tools were easily diffused to the steel compared with carbide type cermet tools. Generally, Mo and W diffused more easily than Ti. According to the cutting test, thermal wear of cermet tool was remarkable above around 900 Cel for flank wear, and around 1100 to 1200 Cel for creater wear. The tool whose elements diffused easily in diffusion test tend to generate a severe creater wear. (Wassmann)