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Methanol substitution in a Deutz F8L-413 F/W diesel engine, used in underground mines, has been investigated in relation to conventional fuel savings and emission benefits to be gained. Combustion of methanol/diesel fuel emulsions in the unmodified engine increases the peak cylinder pressures and rate of pressure rise, but these values do not exceed the manufacturer's recommended limits provided the methanol content of the fuel does not exceed 12 % on an energy basis. The addition of a cetane enhancer to the fuel emulsion allows satisfactory engine combustion to be achieved with 15 % methanol substitution on an energy basis over the full operating range of the engine. Economics are presently unfavourable on a fuel substitution basis alone, but may improve if underground ventilation reductions benefits can be achieved, taking account of the need to control dust and blasting fumes.