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Mineral insulated thermocouples of the conventional type were used extensively for temperature measurement and control in the Magnox stations of the United Kingdom's first nuclear power programme. Since then, there has been a steady growth in the use of MI thermocouples, not only in subsequent generations of nuclear reactors but also in the general chemical reactors, boiler installations, etc. The indications are that the use of conventional MI thermocouples will continue to increase in those applications where long life and reliability are important. In recent years, however, many of the environments and locations in which thermocouples are used have become increasingly hostile. In such applications, the replacement of faulty thermocouples may be either completely impossible, prohibitively expensive or undesirable due to the hazards involved. As a consequence, an even greater emphasis has been placed on thermocouple durability and integrity and the need has arisen for a small diameter, fast response thermocouple able to withstand more onerous duties over very long periods of time. The single conductor, mineral insulated, coaxial thermocouple has been developed to meet this particular need. The more important aspects of the development and performance of coaxial thermocouples have already been described elsewhere. This paper outlines the main features of the coaxial design and describes the methods employed in the production of this new type of thermocouple. Details are also given of the test requirements and procedures, and the measures necessary to ensure the highest quality of finished product.