Anisotropy in the mechanical properties of two duplex stainless steels with different phase balance (Englisch)
- Neue Suche nach: Esteban, M.P.
- Neue Suche nach: Iza-Mendia, A.
- Neue Suche nach: Gutierrez, I.
- Neue Suche nach: Esteban, M.P.
- Neue Suche nach: Iza-Mendia, A.
- Neue Suche nach: Gutierrez, I.
In:
Science and Market , European Stainless Steel Conference, 6
;
547-553
;
2008
-
ISBN:
- Aufsatz (Konferenz) / Datenträger
-
Titel:Anisotropy in the mechanical properties of two duplex stainless steels with different phase balance
-
Weitere Titelangaben:Anisotropie der mechanischen Eigenschaften von zwei Duplexstählen mit unterschiedlicher Phasenbilanz
-
Beteiligte:
-
Erschienen in:
-
Verlag:
- Neue Suche nach: Jernkontoret
-
Erscheinungsort:Stockholm
-
Erscheinungsdatum:2008
-
Format / Umfang:7 Seiten, 10 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 11 Quellen
-
ISBN:
-
Medientyp:Aufsatz (Konferenz)
-
Format:Datenträger
-
Sprache:Englisch
-
Schlagwörter:
-
Datenquelle:
Inhaltsverzeichnis Konferenzband
Die Inhaltsverzeichnisse werden automatisch erzeugt und basieren auf den im Index des TIB-Portals verfügbaren Einzelnachweisen der enthaltenen Beiträge. Die Anzeige der Inhaltsverzeichnisse kann daher unvollständig oder lückenhaft sein.
- 13
-
Overview of current developments in steelmaking and continuous castingMorwald, K. et al. | 2008
- 15
-
Stainless steel in household products: how to serve ``the many people''?Ronchi, G. et al. | 2008
- 29
-
Stainless steel from a customer perspective - Challenges for the future in the machinery industryMakinen, J.T. et al. | 2008
- 31
-
The stainless steel industry's response to new challenges: grade selection against the background of the alloying element marketOtto, A. / Pauly, T. et al. | 2008
- 37
-
Localised corrosion of stainless steels - limits and mechanismsPettersson, R.F.A. et al. | 2008
- 43
-
Electromechanical method to evaluate the stainless steel intergranular corrosion resistanceMatres, V. / Pena, D. et al. | 2008
- 43
-
Electrochemical method to evaluate the stainless steel intergranular corrosion resistanceMatres, V. / Pena, D. et al. | 2008
- 49
-
Atmospheric stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in swimming pool environmentsIversen, A. / Prosek, T. et al. | 2008
- 57
-
Tribocorrosion of stainless steel in acid solutions: effect of latency time and contact areaDiomidis, N. / Celis, J.-P. / Ponthiaux, P. / Wenger, F. et al. | 2008
- 63
-
Ultrasonic testing of clad plates for evaluation of hydrogen degradationSzwed, M. / Lublinska, K. / Wojas, G. / Gloc, M. / Kurzydlowski, K.J. et al. | 2008
- 69
-
A tool and methods for predicting pitting corrosion risk of stainless steels in evaporated conditionsCarpen, L. / Pohjanne, P. / Kinnunen, P. / Sarpola, A. / Riihimaki, M. / Ramo, J. / Hakkarainen, T. et al. | 2008
- 75
-
The Avesta Multicell - A powerful tool for ranking pitting resistance of stainless steelEkman, S. / Olsson, C.-O.A. et al. | 2008
- 81
-
Sensitization behaviour of manganese-alloyed austenitic stainless steelsHochstrasser-Kurz, S. / Gumpel, P. / Arlt, N. et al. | 2008
- 87
-
Influence of repair grinding on the corrosion resistance and cleanability of tank containersOhligschlager, T. / Roiko-Jokela, V. / Alen, R. / Nenonen, J. et al. | 2008
- 93
-
Rewear and chemical resistance of sol-gel coatings on stainless steel substrateVuorio, T. / Jaakkola, J. / Kolari, M. / Mannila, J. / Nikkola, J. / Liu, X.W. / Soderberg, O. / Mahiout, A. / Hannula, S.P. et al. | 2008
- 101
-
Soil resistant and self cleaning surfaces of stainless steel with new sol-gel and ald coatingsMahlberg, R. / Mannila, J. / Romu, J. / Nikkola, J. / Ilola, R. / Soderberg, O. / Koskinen, J. / Hannula, S.-P. / Mahiout, A. et al. | 2008
- 109
-
Corrosion resistance of TiN PVD intermetallic coatings on 316L stainless steel in 3.5% and 12% NaCl solution at 25^oC and 70^oCViyanit, E. / Ouampan, S. / Khumsuk, P. / Wongpinkeaw, K. et al. | 2008
- 117
-
Characterization and optimization of the functional properties of stainless steel surfacesLadwein, T.L. / Sorg, M. / Schilling, S. et al. | 2008
- 123
-
Nanoscale oxidation of Fe-17Cr by oxygen and water vapor: chemical composition and morphology of the surfaceJussila, P. / Hirsimaki, M. / Koskela, M. / Lahtonen, K. / Lampimaki, M. / Valden, M. et al. | 2008
- 129
-
A case study on corrosion of stainless steel in firewater mainsCarpen, L. / Ohligschlager, T. et al. | 2008
- 137
-
High temperature behaviour of 22Cr-5Al stainless steel in wet air and CO~2 atmospheresPaul, A. / Montes, O.M. / Odriozola, J.A. et al. | 2008
- 143
-
Corrosion resistance of welded stainless steel reinforcements in concreteCorreia, M.J. / Salta, M.M. / Fonseca, I.T.E. et al. | 2008
- 143
-
Corrosion resistance of welded stainless steel reinforcement in concreteCorreia, M.J. / Salta, M.M. / Fonseca, I.T.E. et al. | 2008
- 151
-
Comparison of the microbiological influence on the electro-chemical potential of stainless steel between macro and micro areas of specimensMoos, O. / Gumpel, P. et al. | 2008
- 157
-
Corrosion damage of compressor blades form grade 14Cr17Ni2 stainless steelCihal, V. / Kalabisova, E. / Stefec, R. / Turek, L. et al. | 2008
- 165
-
Changes of surface morphology of ferritic stainless steels at high temperature oxidationMalinina, M. / Gasik, M. et al. | 2008
- 171
-
Behaviour of stainless steels in sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) environmentMatres, V. / Quiros, E. et al. | 2008
- 177
-
Hydrogen corrosion of stainless steelsLublinska, K. / Szummer, A. / Szpila, K. / Kurzydlowski, K.J. et al. | 2008
- 185
-
New high flexible stainless steel process line with advanced process control at Baosteel Shanghai No.1 / PR ChinaGuomin, S. / Kempken, J. / Reichel, J. et al. | 2008
- 191
-
The extension of Outokumpu Steckel mill and its effect on the quality of the hot rolled materialSaxlund, P. / Nuortio, A. / Niska, M. / Puukko, E. et al. | 2008
- 197
-
Status of automated surface and quality inspection in Outokumpu Tornio WorksMure, P.T. et al. | 2008
- 203
-
The use of flameless oxyfuel in stainless steel productionNiemi, T. / Ritzen, O. / Scheele, J.V. et al. | 2008
- 211
-
Hydrogen reduction of stainless steel surface oxidesAhonen, S. / Laumen, C. / Wiberg, S. et al. | 2008
- 219
-
Study on the layers in the film origination from the casting powder between steel shell and mould and associated phenomena in continuous casting of stainless steelHooli, P.O. et al. | 2008
- 219
-
Study on the layers in the film originating from the casting powder between steel shell and mould and associated phenomena in continuous casting of stainless steelHooli, P.O. et al. | 2008
- 225
-
Metallurgical slivers in T304 austenitic stainless steelsGarcia, C.I. / Hua, M.J. / DeArdo, A.J. et al. | 2008
- 233
-
The model-based control of the grain size of the final annealed austenitic stainless steelsPuukko, E. et al. | 2008
- 239
-
Fabrication of nanostructured stainless steel via hydrostatic extrusionKrawczynska, A.T. / Lewandowska, M. / Kurzydlowski, K.J. et al. | 2008
- 245
-
Thermodynamic and kinetic modeling of stainless steels - past and future trendsAgren, J. et al. | 2008
- 253
-
Computational thermodynamics and computational kinetics as powerful tools for modelling fabrication aspects of stainless steelsStrandlund, H. / Shi, P. / Chen, Q. / Engstrom, A. / Lu, X.-G. et al. | 2008
- 259
-
Using genetic algorithm to design new ultra-high strength stainless steels reinforced by separate precipitate familiesXu, W. / Rivera-Diaz-del-Castillo, P.E.J. / van der Zwaag, S. et al. | 2008
- 267
-
Modelling of microstructural evolution at joints of dissimilar steelsLarsson, H. / Agren, J. et al. | 2008
- 273
-
Modeling of diffusion in wustite and simulation of oxidation of iron at 600^oCHallstrom, S. / Hoglund, L. / Agren, J. et al. | 2008
- 273
-
Modeling of diffusion in wustite and simulation of oxidation of iron at 600 degree CHallström, S. / Höglund, L. / Agren, J. et al. | 2008
- 279
-
First-principles calculations as a new tool in steel researchKorzhavyi, P.A. / Ruban, A.V. / Johansson, B. et al. | 2008
- 285
-
Recrystallisation of stainless steels and its effects on mechanical propertiesKawalla, R. / Spittel, M. / Spittel, T. / Goldhahn, G. et al. | 2008
- 293
-
An experimental study of recrystallization annealing in martensitic stainless steel strip by means of EBSD and empirical modellingIonescu-Gabor, S. / Hagstrom, J. / Nylof, L. et al. | 2008
- 301
-
Synchrotron X-rays for structural characterization of stainless steelsHedstrom, P. / Oden, M. et al. | 2008
- 307
-
Behavior and forming limit diagram predictions of stainless steels sheetsChinouilh, G. / Toscan, F. / Leseux, J. / Santacreu, P.O. et al. | 2008
- 311
-
The alpha '-martensite evolution - mathematical formulation and application in the early detection of damage in sheet metal componentsBehrens, B.-A. / Weilandt, K. / Kamp, M. / Voges-Schwieger, K. et al. | 2008
- 317
-
Grain refined structure of 304 stainless steel by short annealing after severe deformationLis, A. / Lis, J. / Wieczorek, P. / Kiera-Belec, K. et al. | 2008
- 323
-
Threshold behavior of FeCr alloys surfaceRopo, M. / Kokko, K. / Punkkinen, M.P.J. / Hogmark, S. / Kollar, J. / Johansson, B. / Vitos, L. et al. | 2008
- 327
-
Stacking fault energies of austenitic stainless steels from first-principles theoryVitos, L. / Korzhavyi, P.A. / Nilsson, J.-O. / Johansson, B. et al. | 2008
- 329
-
Stainless steel's sustainable advantage in architectureHouska, C. et al. | 2008
- 335
-
A novel view on material selection of stainless steels by optimizing material costs and product propertiesTaulavuori, T. / Ohligschlager, T. / Saynajakangas, J. et al. | 2008
- 343
-
Advances in the structural use of stainless steelGardner, L. et al. | 2008
- 349
-
Bionic vault structured materials of stainless steel for lightweight application and enhanced heat and mass transferMirtsch, F. / Mirtsch, S. / Nest, E. / Sahyazici, M. / Weinert, N. / Pech, M. / Seliger, G. et al. | 2008
- 361
-
Design against brittle failure for stainless steels in the European pressure vessel code EN 13445Sandstrom, R. / Langenberg, P. et al. | 2008
- 373
-
New grade in TKL-AST of high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels (HNASS)Appolloni, L. / Ruffini, F. / Sciaboletta, D. / Bruno, A. et al. | 2008
- 381
-
A fire engineering approach to the design of stainless steel structural systemsBaddoo, N.R. / Burgan, B.A. et al. | 2008
- 387
-
New design tools for structural hollow sections of stainless steelYrjola, P. / Saynajakangas, J. et al. | 2008
- 395
-
Stainless steels and the water industry: from knowledge to applicationsCutler, C.P. et al. | 2008
- 401
-
Influence of plastic strains on the mechanical properties of stainless steel sheetsGehring, A. / Saal, H. / Schmied, J. et al. | 2008
- 407
-
Fabrication of AISI 316LN half shells for the superconducting dipoles of the Large Hadron ColliderBertinelli, F. / Pollmann, J. / Rommerskirchen, I. / Trachez, G. / Wildner, E. et al. | 2008
- 415
-
Development of high strength non-magnetic drill collar DNM140Ishikawa, K. / Shimizu, T. et al. | 2008
- 421
-
Nickel in stainless steelsCutler, C.P. / Coates, G.E. / Jenkinson, D.C. et al. | 2008
- 427
-
A new European 200 series standard to substitute 304 austenitics?Charles, J. / Mithieux, J.D. / Krautschick, J. / Suutala, N. / Simon, J.A. / Van Hecke, B. / Pauly, T. et al. | 2008
- 437
-
Optimization of thin strip cast austenitic 304 stainless steel microstructuresRaabe, D. / Sander, B. / Degenhardt, R. / Sellger, R. / Klos, W. / Sachtleber, M. / Ernenputsch, L. et al. | 2008
- 445
-
Influence of nitrogen on the mechanical behaviour of type 316L SSGanesan, V. / Mathew, M.D. / Rao, K.B.S. / Raj, B. et al. | 2008
- 451
-
Bake hardening of some austenitic stainless steelsRuoppa, R. / Taulavuori, T. et al. | 2008
- 457
-
Effects of Cu and Mn on the mechanical properties and hot ductility of Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steelsLee, J.S. / Lee, Y.D. / Lee, Y.Y. et al. | 2008
- 463
-
Static strain ageing of metastable austenitic stainless steelTalonen, J. / Hanninen, H. et al. | 2008
- 471
-
The role of precipitation after long time ageing in an austenitic stainless steelSandstrom, R. / Jin, L.Z. et al. | 2008
- 483
-
Kinetics of alpha ' → gamma reversion in a cold rolled AISI 301LN stainless steelRajasekhara, S. / Ferreira, P.J. / Karjalainen, P. / Kyrolainen, A. et al. | 2008
- 483
-
Kinetics of alpha to gamma reversion in a cold rolled AISI 301LN stainless steelRajasekhara, S. / Ferreira, P.J. / Karjalainen, P. / Kyröläinen, A. et al. | 2008
- 489
-
Influence of solidification structure on hot workability of an austenitic stainless steel containing 1.1 mass% boronOikawa, M. / Ikegami, Y. et al. | 2008
- 495
-
Application of thermoelectric power measurements to the study of cold rolled AISI 304 steelsDe Cock, T. / Capdevila, C. / Caballero, F.G. / Martin, D.S. / de Andres, C.G. et al. | 2008
- 499
-
Investigation of the dynamic tensile properties of austenitic stainless sheet steels using Tensile Hopkinson Split BarIsakov, M. / Kokkonen, J. / Vuoristo, T. / Kuokkala, V.-T. / Ramo, J. / Ruoppa, R. et al. | 2008
- 505
-
Microstructure evolution in nano/sub-micron grained AISI 301 stainless steelRajasekhara, S. / Ferreira, P.J. / Karjalainen, L.P. / Kyrolainen, A. et al. | 2008
- 511
-
Kinetics of grain growth in ultra fine grained AISI 301LN stainless steelRajasekhara, S. / Ferreira, P.J. / Karjalainen, L.P. / Kyrolainen, A. et al. | 2008
- 519
-
Reversion transformation of cold rolled martensite to austenite in EN 1.4318 metastable austenitic steel: microstructures and mechanismsSomani, M.C. / Karjalainen, L.P. / Misra, R.D.K. / Juntunen, P. / Kyröläinen, A. et al. | 2008
- 519
-
Reversion transformation of cold rolled martensite to austenite EN 1.4318 in metastable austenitic steel: microstructures and mechanismsSomani, M.C. / Karjalainen, L.P. / Misra, R.D.K. / Juntunen, P. / Kyrolainen, A. et al. | 2008
- 525
-
Advantages and challenges of temper rolled stainless steelsSellman, M. / Taulavuori, T. / Vainio, P. et al. | 2008
- 531
-
Studies on stainless steels at the University of OuluKarjalainen, L.P. et al. | 2008
- 535
-
80 Years with duplex steels, a historic review and prospects for the futureLiljas, M. et al. | 2008
- 541
-
Influence of the initial microstructure on the hot deformation of duplex stainless steelHerrera, C. / Ponge, D. / Raabe, D. et al. | 2008
- 547
-
Anisotropy in the mechanical properties of two duplex stainless steels with different phase balanceEsteban, M.P. / Iza-Mendia, A. / Gutierrez, I. et al. | 2008
- 555
-
Structural evolution of LDX 2101® (EN 1.4162) during isothermal ageing at 600-850^oCLiu, H. / Johansson, P. / Liljas, M. et al. | 2008
- 555
-
Structural evolution of LDX 2101 (EN 1.4162) during isothermal ageing at 600-850 degree CLiu, H. / Johansson, P. / Liljas, M. et al. | 2008
- 561
-
Corrosion behaviour of corrugated low-Mo duplex stainless steel in simulated concrete solutionsBautista, A. / Blanco, G. / Velasco, F. et al. | 2008
- 567
-
New lean duplex stainless steel rebar: pitting corrosion resistance and galvanic coupling behaviorChauveau, E. / Demelin, B. / Sourisseau, T. et al. | 2008
- 573
-
The development of oxide scale during reheat of duplex stainless steelHigginson, R.L. / Jepson, M.A.E. et al. | 2008
- 579
-
The effect of thermomechanical procession on the austenitic and duplex stainless steel mesostructure formationKodzhaspirov, G. / Rudskoy, A. / Rybin, V. et al. | 2008
- 579
-
The effect of thermomechanical processing on the austenitic and duplex stainless steel mesostructure formationKodzhaspirov, G. / Rudskoy, A. / Rybin, V. et al. | 2008
- 585
-
Recent development of duplex stainless steelsNilsson, J.-O. / Chai, G. / Kivisakk, U. et al. | 2008
- 591
-
Detection of the 475^oC embrittlement in a lean duplex stainless steel using the Electrochemical Potentiodynamic Reactivation (EPR) testFosca, C. / Sakihama, J. et al. | 2008
- 591
-
Detection of the 475 degree C embrittlement in a lean duplex stainless steel using the electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) testFosca, C. / Sakihama, J. et al. | 2008
- 599
-
Mill exposure tests of duplex stainless steel LDX 2101® in recycled fiber applicationsLaitinen, T. / Wegrelius, L. / Bergquist, A. et al. | 2008
- 605
-
A new lean duplex stainless steel with high mechanical and corrosion properties: 1.4062Peultier, J. / Chauveau, E. / Jacques, S. / Mantel, M. et al. | 2008
- 611
-
Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of W bearing superduplex stainless steelsMunoz, C. / Paul, A. / Gallardo, A. / Odriozola, J.A. et al. | 2008
- 617
-
High temperature forming of a superduplex steel and its simulation by torsion testing. Comparison between superduplex steels at similar temperatures and strain rates rangesCarsi, M. / Rieiro, I. / Penalba, F. / Munoz, J. / Castellanos, J. / Ruano, O.A. et al. | 2008
- 623
-
Investigation on low Ni duplex stainless steel gradesCalliari, I. / Dobranszky, J. / Ramous, E. / Straffelini, G. / Rebuffi, G. et al. | 2008
- 629
-
Duplex stainless steel welds: residual stress determination, magnetic force microscopy and susceptibility to intergranular corrosionGideon, B. / Ward, L. / Carr, D.G. / Muransky, O. et al. | 2008
- 637
-
Next generation vehicle - engineering guidelines for stainless steel in automotive applicationsSchuberth, S. / Schedin, E. / Frohlich, T. / Ratte, E. et al. | 2008
- 645
-
Corrosion resistance of stainless steels to wet condensates in automotive exhaust systemsGumpel, P. / Hoffmann, C. / Arlt, N. et al. | 2008
- 653
-
ACE P439A: Acesita's grade for high temperature application in vehicle exhaust systemFaria, R.A. / Santacreu, P.O. / Alves, H.J.B. / Oliveira, T.R. / Barbosa, R.P. et al. | 2008
- 661
-
Tailored strips - A cost and weight saving prospect for automotive exhaust systemsSchuberth, S. / Schael, I. / Vogt, H.-P. et al. | 2008
- 669
-
Thermal fatigue behaviour of ferritic stainless steelHamada, J. / Kajimura, H. / Morihiro, N. et al. | 2008
- 669
-
Thermal fatigue behavior of ferritic stainless steel for automotive exhaust systemHamada, J. / Kajimura, H. / Morihiro, N. et al. | 2008
- 675
-
Corrosion simulation tests on stainless for automotive applicationsMichel, B. / Saedlou, S. / Herbelin, J.M. / Santacreu, P.O. et al. | 2008
- 681
-
Innovative stainless steel sandwich panel applications for transport industriesSiren, M. / Gales, A. / van Hoecke, D. / Sanchez, R. / Saynajakangas, J. et al. | 2008
- 689
-
Stainless steel rebar: a durable and competitive solution against corrosionDemelin, B. / Moulinier, F. et al. | 2008
- 695
-
Development of new advanced stainless steel for catalyst substrate of motorcycle mufflerInoue, Y. / Kikuchi, M. / Tendo, M. / Kajimura, H. et al. | 2008
- 701
-
Metal performance requirements for automotive fuel cellsNewman, K. et al. | 2008
- 703
-
The ferritic stainless steel family: the appropriate answer to nickel volatility?Charles, J. / Mithieux, J.D. / Santacreu, P.O. / Peguet, L. et al. | 2008
- 721
-
Corrosion resistance of powder sintered ferritic stainless steelsCruz, S.A. / Poyato, R. / Paul, A. / Odriozola, J.A. et al. | 2008
- 727
-
Improving the ridging in AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel stabilized with niobiumOliveira, T.R. / Cunha, M.A. / Goncalves, I.N. et al. | 2008
- 735
-
The microstructural evolution of 3CR12 from hot mill to final annealSmith, D. et al. | 2008
- 743
-
Behaviour of ferritic stainless steel at high temperatureHeredia, M.A. / Luna, C. / Almagro, J.F. / Sanz, O. / Paul, A. / Odriozola, J.A. et al. | 2008
- 751
-
Microstructural development of 17% chromium ferritic stainless steels for electromagnetic actuation: experiments and modellingMeyer, N. / Brechet, Y. / Veron, M. / Geoffroy, O. / Mantel, M. / Dubois, P.E. et al. | 2008
- 757
-
A comparative study of precipitation effects during ageing of superaustenitic and superferritic stainless steelsKoutsoukis, T. / Konstantinidis, K. / Fourlaris, G. et al. | 2008
- 765
-
The effect of heat treatment parameters on the microstructure of martensitic stainless steel AISI 420Barlow, L. / Toit, M.d. et al. | 2008
- 771
-
Mechanical and corrosion performance of high-density ferritic stainless steels manufactured by powder-metallurgyBautista, A. / Moral, C. / Velasco, F. et al. | 2008
- 779
-
Trends in forming and welding of stainless steelsHanninen, H. / Romu, J. et al. | 2008
- 787
-
Sense and sensitivity of thermo-mechanical forming simulation of metastable austenitic stainless steelsRatte, E. et al. | 2008
- 793
-
Hot metal gas forming for stainless steelsMartos, G. / Castellanos, J.M. / Bocardo, A. / Contreras, J. / Vallecillo, D. / Guerra, M. / Sanchez, R. / Gonzalez, B. / Gutierrez, M. / Vadillo, L. et al. | 2008
- 799
-
Local martensitic high-strength structure fields - material properties of metastable austenitic stainless steelBehrens, B.-A. / Hubner, S. / Weilandt, K. / Voges-Schwieger, K. et al. | 2008
- 805
-
Fatigue properties of thin sheet stainless steel lap jointsNordberg, H. / Groth, H.L. et al. | 2008
- 811
-
Welding stainless steels - practical responses to regulatory trendsJordan, D. et al. | 2008
- 817
-
Alloying concepts for lean duplex stainless steel weld metalsKarlsson, L. / Gillenius, C. / Arcini, H. / Bergquist, E.-L. et al. | 2008
- 823
-
Microstructure and corrosion properties of stainless steel strip weldsWessman, S. / Pettersson, R. et al. | 2008
- 829
-
Revision of the gammagene effects of carbon and nitrogen in austenitic stainless steelsMartos, G. / Moreno, I. / Sanchez, R. et al. | 2008
- 837
-
ATIG welding of ferritic stainless steelsSandor, T. / Dobranszky, J. et al. | 2008