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The contribution presents a comprehensive investigation regarding the application of PEMFC systems in commercial aircrafts. The campaign includes a system design study, experimental investigations on the low pressure performance, and system modeling and simulation activities. In conclusion of the design study, hydrogen pressure tank based architectures display the highest potential towards wide range applicability in aircraft structures. The low pressure investigations reveal a high sensitivity of the cell performance towards the air humidification. In this context an optimization of the air surplus value is of essential importance, due to the increased water uptake capability in comparison to standard pressure conditions. Regarding the system modeling and simulation effort the results show, that a pressurization of the cathode inlet air does not necessary lead to a system efficiency gain. Consequently a compressor application and its design in respect to the usage of ambient air need to be reconsidered.