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Today nearly 100% of ingots are cast with hot tops, exceptions being some Ingots for tube production, some ESR and some big forging Ingots. The main focus on hot top materials is the insulating properties combined with other important characteristics that affect it such as porosity and density. Of most importance today is the health and environmental aspect and this affects the materials available. Not only have many different materials have been tried over the years, but also technologies like induction heating of the head and heating with burners. Vesuvius has through the merger with FOSECO more than 50 years' experience with Ingot casting products. This article will give a short overview about comparison of material properties, different designs, results of steel plant trials and also comparison of insulating values. Also we will give an overview about the AMITEC equipment that we use as a comparable tool for heading materials.