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In case of public emergency such as natural disasters, accidents, public health and social security, if people fail to take timely effective response measures, the consequences would be incredibly bad. So, how to optimize emergency transportation and logistics system scientifically, and enhance the emergency support and emergency response capacity of the entire emergency management and emergency system, are the keys to improve stability, reliability and timeliness of public emergency warning defense system. Many scholars have done a lot of researches in dealing with emergencies. On the base of studying a large number of related documents, this paper summarized the optimization method of emergency transportation and logistics, and analyzed the existing shortcomings, and finally came to the conclusion and future research directions.