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Accounting for one third of the face, the mandible is one of the most influential anatomical facial regions. Playing a major role for the vital functions such as chewing and speaking as well as for the facial appearance, any mandibular deformation or discontinuity implicates serious impairments for the affected patients. As the majority of mandibular defects are classified as critical size defects, a spontaneous healing cannot be expected, thus leading to surgical interventions. To restore the patient's mandible functionally and aesthetically, various reconstructive methods have been developed within the centuries, including alloplastic materials, autografts and distraction techniques. But despite this broad spectrum of techniques and the fact that no case remains untreated in nowadays, oral maxillofacial surgeons still emphasize indications where the currently available treatment methods are either not sufficient, do not render the desired outcome or can simply not be justified due to the 2nd medical intervention. In order to offer an effective and innovative solution, these cases were further specified through a treatment gap analysis. Based on the detected clinical need, this thesis aimed for the development of a synthetic osteoconductive polymer scaffold. Based on CT-data of patients, a negative mandibular mould was generated and the scaffold was produced by merging ceramics and resorbable polymers via microwave radiation. With respect to improved bone regeneration, the scaffold was equipped with an artificial vessel, enabling the connection to the remaining blood system. In regards to the material choice, numerous standardized blends were validated for their degradation behavior, mechanical and chemical characteristics. Furthermore, the bio compatibility and cytotoxicity of the developed blends were examined in vitro and in an ovine bone defect model in vivo. With the subsequent determination of a suitable scaffold composite, dynamic performance tests were conducted. By this, the developed scaffold might be a promising alternative to conventional treatment methods.