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The general thermodynamic cycle requirements applying to modern 3000 rpm steam turbines for pressurised water reactor power stations are reviewed. Consideration is given to factors affecting thermal efficiency, including the optimisation of cycle parameters and the use of moisture separation and steam reheating. Principles of mechanical design, based on a modular design concept for turbine cylinders, are discussed with reference to a range of 3000 rpm turbines with outputs up to 1300 MW. The most recent developments, involving machines of 630 MW and 985 MW output currently under construction, are described. The importance of service experience with nuclear steam turbines associated with a variety of types of water cooled reactor is emphasized, and its relevance to the design of modern 3000 rpm turbines for pressurized water reactor applications discussed.