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The functional diversity inherent in four-stroke diesel engine cylinder heads implies a corresponding structural complexity. The resultant complexity in component stresses combined with high mechanical and thermal loads make the head one of the most problematic engine component. Based on typical head damages, two distinct groups of problems will be dealt with: The thickness of the combustion plate is determined by the heat transferred to the cooling water and by the fire- and coolant-side surface temperatures. The greater the amount of thermal load, the thinner the plate has to be made, and consequently to be supported to withstand the gas forces. The components held together by the head studs, represent a system of springs arranged both in parallel and in series. Utilizing components flexibilities obtained by calculation and experiment, the paper studies the amount of safety from head lifting at the gasket and the alternating stresses of the cylinder head stud. Typical examples are given to demonstrate the possibilities and limits of controlling safety and head stud stressing by design measures.