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Parametric Factors as Applied to Pipeline Cost Estimating - Parametric estimating is a technique that uses simple to very complex statistical relationships between historic data and applicable variables to calculate an estimated cost for a specific item or task. The parametric factors developed by these relationships are often applied early in the design process to develop a preliminary cost estimate. Developing a good cost estimate early in the design process is extremely valuable to project planning. This article discusses the essential tasks and elements involved in identifying the appropriate parametric factor needed to develop a good cost estimate for water and wastewater pipelines. This article discusses design features and environmental conditions to consider in the application of parametric factors to water and wastewater pipeline estimating, Potential cost impacts associated with each are included in general terms and qunatified when possible.
Is the Theory of Cumulative Impact a Provable Reality? For decades, as typical with most construction projects, contractors are issued change orders by the owner who mutually agrees to the terms of the changes, and pays for the changes in a timely manner. On occasion, there are those projects in which the number of changes seemingly exceeds any and all expectations the contractor ever had for estimating, performing, and managing such work. By the end of the project, the contractor finds itself losing money for reasons that are usually not easily identifiable. Finding itself in this stressful, and some-times embarrassing, situation tends to drive the contractor's project managers, accountants and upper management Crazy trying to put their fingers on the cause for this financial loss. Even though it may have been granted additional time and overhead costs by the owner to cover delays associated with specific changes, the contractor may have had to accelerate, at its own expense, to maintain the schedule. Despite being paid for each individual change request and possibly even having the confidence of bringing the project in on time, most contractors don't realize until late in the project that maintaining productivity was not possible as originally planned.