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A brief account of the history of the Pulkovo astronomers' expedition to Chile is given. The progress of its work during the 5 years (1962-1968) is described. A short review covering the history of the National Observatory of Chile is given (Part 2). The Pulkovo astronomers in Chile are working in close scientific cooperation with the astronomers of the Chilean University. During this period, the following astronometric problems were to be solved: (1) absolute determinations of the coordinates of bright and faint fundamental stars by the Pulkovo methods for an improvement of the system of celestial coordinates, (2) differential meridian observations of reference faint stars (SRS) and bright stars (BS) in the zones to the south of -25 degrees, and (3) photographic observations of selected minor planets and areas with galaxies according to the program of compiling the catalog of faint stars (CFS).