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This sixth conference in the series on Health and Behavior: A Research Agenda offers an opportunity for biomedical and behavioral scientists collaboratively to explore observations and research needs in the understanding of behavioral and social factors that may affect the health of poor and minority persons. From among the many diseases that appear disproportionately to affect disadvantaged persons, two--malignant neoplasms and schizophrenic disorders--were selected for consideration. The conferees examined the contribution that scientific knowledge in 'biobehavioral' areas has made and can make to the understanding of psychosocial and biological factors that may amplify or diminish the effects of social disadvantage in the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases. Specific areas of discussion included: (1) biological, social, and behavioral factors that appear to contribute to the unequal burden of malignant neoplasms and schizophrenic disorders among disadvantaged persons and (2) possible mechanisms by which these factors may contribute to this burden of illness, and identification of areas for fruitful investigation through collaborative research by biomedical, social, and behavioral scientists.