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Operation Iraqi Freedom accomplished a long-standing U.S. objective, the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, but replacing his regime with a stable, moderate, democratic political structure has been complicated by a persistent Sunni Arab-led insurgency. The Bush Administration asserts that establishing democracy in Iraq will catalyze the promotion of democracy throughout the Middle East. The desired outcome would likely prevent Iraq from becoming a sanctuary for terrorists, a key recommendation of the July 2004 report of the 9/11 Commission. The Bush Administration asserts that U.S. policy in Iraq is showing important successes, demonstrated by January 30, 2005, elections that chose a National Assembly, progress in building Iraqs various security forces, and increased economic activity. The Administration says it expects that the current transition roadmap including the drafting of a permanent constitution by August 15, 2005, a public referendum on that constitution by October 15, 2005, and elections for a permanent government by December 15, 2005 will be implemented. The Administration believes that it has largely healed a rift with some European countries over the decision to invade Iraq, and it points to NATO and other nations contributions of training for Iraqi security forces and government personnel. The Administration has been working with the new Iraqi government to include more Sunni Arabs in the power structure; Sunnis were dominant during the regime of Saddam Hussein and now feel marginalized by the newly dominant Shiite Arabs and Kurds. Sunni Arabs form the core of the insurgency. Others believe the U.S. mission in Iraq could fail unless major new policy initiatives are undertaken. Some believe that U.S. counter-insurgent operations are hampered by an insufficient U.S. troop commitment. Others believe that the U.S. presence is driving much of the insurgent challenge and that a U.S. move toward withdrawal might undercut popular support for the insurgency without undermining U.S. security. A further complication to U.S. policy is the recent or imminent withdrawal of sizeable allied troop commitments, although many nations are compensating for their withdrawals with new pledges of financial aid or trainers of Iraqi security forces and government officials. This report will be updated as warranted by major developments.