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Cells from haemopoietic tissues when injected into lethally-irradiated mice induce survival and restoration of the animals, whether they are intact or splenectomised. But cells derived from haemopoietic nodules (which occur in spleens of heavily irradiated mice injected with bone marrow cells) when injected into lethally irradiated mice result in different effects in intact mice than in splenectomised ones. In the former the anaemia resulting from irradiation is corrected within 25 days, whereas in splenectomised mice the anaemia which develops is much more severe and persists for up to 80 days after irradiation. The course of cellular repopulation of bone marrow in splenectomised mice irradiated with 900 rad and injected with spleen-nodule cells has been compared with that in intact mice treated in the same way. No differences were seen, indicating that the absence of the spleen did not have an effect on the repopulation. In order to assess the erythropoietic activity of total body bone marrow, to enable this to be compared with the erythropoietic activity of spleen, determination of Fe59 in whole cleaned mouse skeletons was carried out. The results show that in the mouse the two femora account for 13-15% of the total skeletal content of Fe59 at 5 hours after injection of the label. (Author)