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The 1s, 2s, and 2p Gaussian-type atomic orbitals were used to construct the Bloch functions of the lithium crystal, and the energy band structure of lithium was calculated by the tight-binding method with these Gaussian-type Bloch functions as basis. The results agree well with those of the previous tight-binding calculations in which the Bloch functions were expressed in terms of the Slater-type orbitals. The use of the Gaussian-type orbitals resulted in a great deal of simplification of the computational procedure. It was found that both the very long-range and short-range Gaussian components of the atomic wavefunctions may be removed without affecting the band structure provided that the relative weighting of the remaining Gaussians is readjusted by the variational method. (Author)