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Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) produces side effects, particularly in the skin, in most persons treated, and there have been sporadic cases in which DMSO has been linked to acute generalized urticaria in man. There is also evidence that in some species of laboratory animals DMSO in doses somewhat higher than those contemplated for man produces a unique alteration of the lens. The nature of the evidence of effectiveness of DMSO is not such as to warrant the release of the drug for prescription in general medical practice at this time. There is suggestive evidence that DMSO may be effective in the treatment of acute traumatic injury and nontraumatic painful shoulder and in relieving the pain of rheumatoid arthritis. Some investigators have claimed that DMSO may be superior to currently available forms of treatment in cutaneous scleroderma and in interstitial cystitis, but the evidence does not allow a conclusion to be drawn in that respect. As a vehicle, DMSO may enhance the effect of other therapeutic agents such as fungicides and antiviral agents. In view of the toxicity and lack of demonstrated efficacy in prior studies, the use of the drug should be restricted to investigational circumstances. Portions of this document are not fully legible.