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Rats of the Sprague-Dawley and W/FU strain, inoculated intraperitoneally at birth with a mixture of Moloney leukemia virus (MLV) and rat virus (RV), strain RV-13 or 9HV-B, developed fewer leukemias than rats inoculated with the leukemia virus alone. In several experiments the incidence of leukemia was reduced from 100, 95, 62, and 62% in control rats, that received MLV alone, to 67, 60, 23, and 17% in rats inoculated with the same dose of MLV in combination with RV. Serologic data indirectly substantiated the evidence for RV being the suppressive factor. This was indicated by the fact that among rats which had been inoculated with both viruses, generally higher levels of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody to RV were found in nonleukemic animals as compared to leukemic ones in the same group of inoculum. The latter finding also suggests, but does not prove, reciprocal interference between MLV and RV in rats. (Author)