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Thermoplastic elastomers have developed specific market niches in wire and cable applications. Market penetration is expected to increase. As this does, the requirement for flame retardant grades will increase also. This offers both an opportunity and challenge to the formulator and user as they develop the new system. All four of the major thermoplastic elastomer types can be effectively flame retarded. The choice of formulation is a function of polymer type, processing variables and end use requirements. An actual fire should be viewed as a highly complex situation that initially subjects all materials in its path to ignition and finally to release of products of combustion. Laboratory scale tests such as UL-94 and Oxygen Index do not predict actual behavior in a fire situation. However, these tests do provide useful information in assessing the benefits of flame retardant materials to resist ignition and burn more slowly than non-flame retarded materials.