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An impetus to the awareness of graphite saving methods has been the sharp rise in oil prices over the last two decades. The enhanced use of water cooling in the body of the furnace, to control refractory costs, led to a natural progression for the cooling of the electrode column, to achieve graphite savings. Many water cooled electrode systems have been in operation during the last six years leaving several as commercial propositions which will become widely entrenched in furnace operation before the end of this decade. This is already occuring for ladle furnaces and secondary steelmaking units which provide a simpler environment. Whilst current water cooled combination electrodes can rapidly be exchanged with standard graphite columns in operation, developments should lead to an integrated unit with the furnace arm.