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First principles investigations of the band structure of anisotropic thermoelectric CdSb crystal in the main directions of Brillouin zone have been carried out. The main peculiarities of its band spectrum formation in the vicinity of band gap, predicted from the empty-lattice approximation, have been confirmed. The fact that the CdSb compound is not a layered one has been proved on the basis of elementary energy bands concept within the simplest empty-lattice approximation. This fact coincides well with predominantly covalent nature of chemical bonding in this crystal. The authors have shown, that the symmetry of a crystal and relation between its lattice parameters (basis vectors), as well as the number of electrons in a unit cell are determinative in creation of its valence energy states, particularly in the vicinity of band gap. This allows one to analyze not only the structure and symmetry of band spectra of crystals, but also to find out the main peculiarities of their chemical bonding already within the empty-lattice approximation.