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Abstract: Marine diesel engines have high thermal efficiency and use inexpensive marine diesel fuel. Therefore they can contribute to control the global warming by low CO2 emission. However, the pollution matters, such as NOx and PM are abundantly discharged, and the correspondence is required from the environmental protection. A number of potential benefits in the combustion of emulsion, such as being effective to reduce the NOx emission and depending on the situation to improve the combustion. The emulsified fuel is a mixture of water particles dispersed in marine diesel fuel (MDF). We made the different emulsified fuel with the mean water particle diameter by using different water content and the emulsifier. This paper introduces the experiment of a four-stroke marine diesel engine (73.6kW, 1200rpm) using emulsified MDFs. We discuss the action of water particles in the combustion of marine four-stroke diesel engine operated with emulsified MDFs in different mean water particle diameter. And in order to clarify the effect of the water particles in emulsified fuel on combustion and the micro explosion phenomenon, we have experiment with combustion of single fuel droplet of emulsified MDFs.The following results were found: 1. In comparison with using MDF, the emission level was decreased by using emulsified MDFs, and the smaller the mean water particle diameter in the emulsified MDFs, the lower the NOx emission level. 2. The smaller the mean water particle diameter, the longer the ignition delay. The bigger the mean water particle diameter, the higher the maximum combustion pressure. 3. Among the emulsified MDFs, The smaller the mean water particle diameter, the higher the specific fuel consumption. 4. In the high pressure ambience, such as the combustion chamber of the diesel engines, the micro explosion of the emulsion should have little effect on combustion and the water particles in emulsified fuel cause the rapid vaporization and expansion phenomenon.