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The iron and steelmaking industry is working towards substantial reductions in its energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Knowledge of the overall effects of different operational scenarios on CO2 emissions and energy consumption is an important step in achieving such reductions. Comprehensive mathematical models provide a tool to evaluate different scenarios. BlueScope Steel uses a comprehensive model for its Port Kembla Steelworks (PKSW), called the Integrated Steelworks Emissions and Energy Model (ISEEM). It is based on mass and energy balances of PKSW and its scope is 'gate-to-products', i.e it includes raw materials preparation, blast furnaces, steel making, the mills and utilities. ISEEM uses Aspen Custom Modeller (ACM) as a platform. ACM uses an object-oriented process modelling language that can be utilized to list the equations that describe unit operations. This paper describes the key elements of the ISEEM model and its utilisation in the evaluation of various scenarios and benchmarking studies of interest to PKSW. BlueScope Steel is also involved in two projects aimed at major reduction in CO2 emissions. These projects are also briefly described in this paper.