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One-step process surface modifications of AlN ceramics have been obtained by UV laser irradiation ( lambda =248 nm). Results concerning some physical and chemical property modifications of AlN surface are reported. Characterizations by optical microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and grazing X-ray diffraction (XRD) show the "metallization" process induced by the laser irradiation under particular conditions, due to the AlN decomposition and the Al metal formation. Grazing XRD has clearly shown the Al presence into the laser impacted zones. Electrical resistance measurements have confirmed this surface "metallization" by the highlighting of a very sharp transition zone between the insulator substrate (R>20 M Omega ) and an Al-rich conductive path (R approximately=10-20 Omega ) on only a few 10 mu m. These last measurements have allowed one to easily define efficient laser conditions regarding this "metallization" process: about 20 laser pulses of 20 ns under a fluence of about 2.0 J/cm2 seems to lead to an homogeneous conductive path on insulator AlN substrates.