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The bio-solar hydrogen production not only enables solar energy to be converted into and fixed in an energy form convenient for transport, storage and utilization, but also enables energy to be recovered from wastes and effluents containing organic substances, while affording treatment and neutralization of such wastes and effluents. In the studies on the screening and breeding improvement of photosynthetic microorganisms, the effectiveness of the research strategy for performance improvement of microorganisms by way of gene manipulation has been confirmed, and the approach to concretely proceed therewith has been established. In the R & D of mass cultivation techniques, pretreatment methods to be applied to typical materials have been developed, and thereby the continuous generation of hydrogen in the subsequent photosynthetic process has been made possible. From now on, efforts will be expanded not only to obtain strains from breeding improvements in which their hydrogen generating capacity has been enhanced, but also to compose the integrated system between the pretreatment step and the photosynthetic step, possibly with the use of existing photosynthetic bacteria as the basis. Moreover, long term, continuous hydrogen production conditions under actual sun light and with real cultures will be explored, and the efficiency improvement as a system will be investigated, thereby proceeding with its technical evaluation as a hydrogen production process.