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This panel discussion on GPS SIGNALS GNSS INTEROPERABILITY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES focuses on the following topics: A. Ensuring Radio Frequency (RF) compatibility - June 2004 US-EU agreement for GPS-Galileo + follow-on working groups; - Ongoing bilateral discussions between United States and other nations/organizations for QZSS, GLONASS, SBAS, etc.; B. Enhancing interoperability Incorporation of system time offset messages in navigation data for new civil/military signals. Are there other inter-system messages that would be useful. Increasing commonality in messages, signal structures, services. Is dissimilarity, in some cases, more beneficial; C. Spectrum protection. As new GPS signals and Galileo come online, people need to be ensured that they will continue to enjoy all capabilities that they are enjoying today from GPS. The Europeans are investing billions in Galileo, and they would like to make sure that they are not going to be interfered with by GPS. A lengthy document attached to the US-EU agreement in June 2004, by reference, describes the methodology that should be used to ensure that the two systems are RF-compatible. Similar documents are being used by the U.S. now in bilateral discussions with Japan for QZSS, as in other bilateral discussions. As far as interoperability goes, there is a need to provide time offsets between Galileo system time and GPS time. Back in October, a document ICD-GPS- 200D was approved by the GPS Joint Program Office, which is the new baseline document, not only for the new L2 civil signal, but also for the L1-L2P (Y) Code and L1-C/A code. This document describes all the messages that will be used for L2C.