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There are two basic considerations. First is the exposure to dynamic forces during the deceleration phase. There are the forces imparted on the crew member or passenger by his restraint system, by collapsing cabin or seat structure, by inadequately or unrestrained cargo, or by the member's body impacting surrounding structural components. Second is the hazards of the post-crash environment. Predominant among these post-crash hazards is fire. There have been proposals for fire containment, i.e., use of gelled aircraft fuels and installation of self-sealing or honeycomb fuel tanks. Another approach to reduce the hazards of post-crash fire is the use of lower volatility jet fuel. We are currently evaluating fabrics and materials to determine their fire-resistant characteristics. Another method to combat post-crash fire is to install fire-suppression systems in the occupied area.