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Scientific understanding of individual and group behavior is critically important to the Army to provide for the effective use of its human resources. A review of the research program described herein will show that the Army's objectives in the use of the behavioral and social sciences in most respects parallel the objectives of other organizations, public or private, with heavy manpower requirements. Briefly, these objectives include recruiting, selection, classification, training, motivation, leadership, loyalty, work efficiency, effectiveness, low absenteeism, retention, individual growth, career guidance, equal opportunity, fair pay and promotion, pleasant interpersonal interactions and effective internal communication. The Army is particularly interested in young people who are about to enter the world of work or who are seeking education or training for employment. This group comprises the primary recruiting population. On the other hand, there are some peculiarly military human resources problems, for example: evaluating combat readiness without combat; providing a desirable environment for military personnel in isolated, remote, foreign, hostile, or anti-military locations; and large scale operation, maintenance and support of new and highly sophisticated equipment. Resolution of such problems requires a long range program. Research Themes are intended to evoke creative research ideas, innovative approaches and new theoretical constructs leading to long-term development.