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Studies of real batch assembly operations revealed that the potential exists for a 4 to 1 productivity improvement through the successful implementation of adaptable-programmable automatic assembly systems (APAS). Such a significant productivity improvement could improve our nation's competitive position and stop the exodus of batch assembly activity to foreign countries. A worldwide state-of-the-art review led to the conclusion that a good APAS technology base exists, much of it resulting from previously funded NSF/RANN programs, but there are some voids. Applied research is needed on APAS software, vision systems, programmable parts feeding equipment and total system integration. Furthermore, significant reductions in equipment cost and cycle time are essential in order to increase the number of batch assembly operations that are good economic candidates for automation. The successful transfer to industry can be accelerated via a pilot program, during which a representative product line, small motors, is automatically assembled and data are gathered to conduct a technical, economic and human resource evaluation.