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A variety of procedures have been developed that employ tracer gases to examine the air exchange characteristics of buildings. These procedures enable the examination of several features of building air exchange including ventilation rates, air movement within buildings, and building envelope airtightness. The paper reviews tracer gas measurement techniques that have been used to study air exchange in buildings. Back-ground information is discussed such as the instrumentation used in these tests, building features that influence their application, and the fundamental theory of tracer gas measurement. Several specific applications are discussed including air exchange rate measurement in large buildings, low-cost procedures for measuring air exchange rates in large numbers of buildings, techniques for evaluating the performance of air distribution systems, and pressurization testing of envelope airtightness in large buildings. A detailed bibliography is also included to facilitate a more thorough examination of the topics discussed.