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The state of the art of solar energy conversion technologies is analyzed in terms of technology assessment to identify possibilities of intensified use of solar options. It is deemed essential to identify and evaluate the criteria for large-scale application of solar technology, in particular the probable time phase in which it might be competitive and/or necessary to minimize the impact of the anticipated shortages of conventional energy sources. Four options for solar energy conversion were selected as being of specific interest: (1) low temperature system for space and water heating; (2) medium temperature systems for process heat; (3) high-temperature solar-thermal system; and (4) photovoltaic systems for electricity production. Energy storage alternatives were evaluated in connection with each of the concepts, to formulate economic viability of their future use. Performance and cost assessments of the contemporary developments were made to provide basis for projections, scenarios and market penetration criteria. Capital and energy payback estimates were made to develop visibility of the long-term potential of solar options. Low temperature systems offer the earliest potential, if further improvements and cost reduction are achieved.