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The potential merit of medical public-private relationships is widely recognized by joint doctrine, geographic combatant commanders, and several large Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) yet lasting partnerships remain elusive. While the response of the US government and private aid organizations is consistently generous, it is disparate. One wonders what the full potential of the nation would be if these efforts were effectively coordinated into a cooperative arrangement, particularly in medical missions around the world. This paper explores the issue of why medical public-private partnerships, specifically between the US military and NGOs, struggle to exist. Literature shows that differences can be mitigated, and in doing so, the concept of lasting medical partnerships can move beyond the combatant commander's vision statement. Using a case study methodology and comprehensive literature review, this paper shows lasting partnerships are built on three essential factors: mission, mutually accepted objectives, and organization. This research considers key differences between the military and NGOs and gleans elements of success from recent operations. Finally, the paper establishes parameters on how such relationships should be built and with whom. While this research does not constitute an official endorsement of any of the agencies mentioned within, it gives both combatant command and medical planners a tool for building future relationships.