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We are interested in determining whether ambient air pollutants impact the development of Parkinsons disease by increasing alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) pathology via inflammation. After completing Specific Aim 1, wherein we found activation of microglia relative to controls in contralateral olfactory structures, we exposed mice to nano-particulate matter (nPM) both before and after alpha-syn pre-formed fibril (PFF) injection into the right olfactory bulb. We have completed postmortem densitometry for spread of alpha-syn through olfactory structures and stereology for Lewy body presence and neuron counts in the anterior olfactory nucleus but found no differences between groups in these analyses. We are continuing optimization of inflammatory marker antibodies for immunofluorescent colocalization analyses of nPM- and PFF-related neuroinflammation.